The Executive Budget Process: An Overview (CRS Report for Congress)
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| Release Date |
Revised Feb. 13, 2024 |
| Report Number |
R47019 |
| Report Type |
Report |
| Authors |
Dominick A. Fiorentino, Taylor N. Riccard |
| Source Agency |
Congressional Research Service |
| Older Revisions |
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Summary:
The Constitution vests Congress with the power of the purse, with several provisions referring to
congressional authority to levy taxes, authorize the issuance of debt, and make appropriations to
fund the federal government. The Constitution does not provide an explicit role for the President
in the budget process. The executive budget process, as currently constituted, exists primarily due
to statutes enacted by Congress.
The Budget and Accounting Act of 1921 centralized many functions of the executive budget
process within the institutional presidency. The executive budget process consists of three main
phases: development of the President’s budget proposal, submission and justification of the
President’s budget proposal, and execution of enacted annual appropriations and other budgetary
legislation. Congress may become involved in any of these phases. This report provides an
introduction to many elements of the executive budget process, highlighting the roles of the
President, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), and executive agencies.
