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| Date May 13, 2008 |
Report No. RL34484 |
Title
Order Code RL34484 Evaluating the Potential for a Recession in 2008 May 13, 2008 Marc Labonte Specialist in Macroeconomic Policy Government and Finance Division Evaluating the Potential for a Recession in 2008 Summary The U.S. economy has faced some bad news lately. The housing boom has come to an abrupt halt, and housing sales and house building have been falling at double digit rates. Problems ...
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| Date May 13, 2008 |
Report No. RL32421 |
Title
Order Code RL32421 Broadband over Powerlines: Regulatory and Policy Issues Updated May 13, 2008 Patricia Moloney Figliola Specialist in Telecommunications and Internet Policy Resources, Science, and Industry Division Broadband over Powerlines: Regulatory and Related Issues Summary Congress has expressed significant interest in increasing the availability of broadband services throughout the ...
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| Date May 13, 2008 |
Report No. RS22876 |
Title
Order Code RS22876 May 13, 2008 The Red-Dead Canal: Israeli-Arab Efforts to Restore the Dead Sea Jeremy M. Sharp Specialist in Middle Eastern Affairs Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Summary Regional cooperation in halting continued overuse of scarce water resources has been a casualty of the long-running Arab-Israeli conflict. The Dead Sea has been a victim of this neglect, and ...
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| Date May 12, 2008 |
Report No. RS22290 |
Title
Order Code RS22290 Updated May 12, 2008 Trade Remedies: New Shipper Reviews Vivian C. Jones Specialist in International Trade and Finance Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Summary Some U.S. producers of merchandise subject to antidumping (AD) duties or countervailing duties (CVD) complain that U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) have not collected the full amount of duties owed on ...
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| Date May 9, 2008 |
Report No. RL34486 |
Title
Order Code RL34486 Rejection of Collective Bargaining Agreements in Chapter 11 Bankruptcies: Legal Analysis of Changes to 11 U.S.C. Section 1113 Proposed in H.R. 3652 The Protecting Employees and Retirees in Business Bankruptcies Act of 2007 May 9, 2008 Carol A. Pettit Legislative Attorney American Law Division Rejection of Collective Bargaining Agreements in Chapter 11 Bankruptcies: Legal ...
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| Date May 9, 2008 |
Report No. RL31649 |
Title
Order Code RL31649 Homeland Security Act of 2002: Tort Liability Provisions Updated May 9, 2008 Henry Cohen Legislative Attorney American Law Division Homeland Security Act of 2002: Tort Liability Provisions Summary The Homeland Security Act of 2002, P.L. 107-296 (H.R. 5005), contains the following provisions that limit tort liability, and this report examines each of them. ! Section 304 immunizes ...
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| Date May 9, 2008 |
Report No. RL32940 |
Title
Order Code RL32940 Agriculture Conservation Programs: A Scorecard Updated May 9, 2008 Tadlock Cowan Analyst in Natural Resources and Rural Development Policy Resources, Science, and Industry Division Ren e Johnson Analyst in Agricultural Policy Resources, Science, and Industry Division Agriculture Conservation Programs: A Scorecard Summary The Natural Resources Conservation Service and the Farm ...
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| Date May 9, 2008 |
Report No. RS22873 |
Title
Order Code RS22873 May 9, 2008 Islam in Africa Hussein D. Hassan Information Research Specialist Knowledge Services Group Summary The attacks on U.S. soil on September 11, 2001, coupled with the rise of militant transnational Islamism, have prompted both the Bush Administration and the U.S. Congress to reassess foreign policy in Africa and to begin to give considerable attention to Africa s Muslim ...
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| Date May 9, 2008 |
Report No. RS20725 |
Title
Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress Lobbyists and interest groups play an active role in the American legislative process. Information on lobbyist registrations and on interest groups in general is available from a variety of online and printed sources, including files available for public inspection. This report is a guide for locating governmental sources that maintain files on ...
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| Date May 8, 2008 |
Report No. RL30116 |
Title
Order Code RL30116 Congressional Review of Agency Rulemaking: An Update and Assessment of The Congressional Review Act after a Decade Updated May 8, 2008 Morton Rosenberg Specialist in American Public Law American Law Division Congressional Review of Agency Rulemaking: An Update and Assessment of The Congressional Review Act after a Decade Summary On March 29, 1996, the President signed into law ...
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| Date May 8, 2008 |
Report No. RL34478 |
Title
Order Code RL34478 Rising Food Prices and Global Food Needs: The U.S. Response May 8, 2008 Charles E. Hanrahan Senior Specialist in Agricultural Policy Resources, Science, and Industry Division Rising Food Prices and Global Food Needs: The U.S. Response Summary Rising food prices are having impacts across the world, but especially among poor people in low-income developing countries. Since 2000, a ...
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| Date May 8, 2008 |
Report No. RS22453 |
Title
Order Code RS22453 Updated May 8, 2008 Avian Flu Pandemic: Potential Impact of Trade Disruptions Danielle Langton Analyst in International Trade and Finance Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Summary Concerns about potential disruptions in U.S. trade flows due to a global health or security crisis are not new. The possibility of an avian flu pandemic with consequences for global trade is ...
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| Date May 8, 2008 |
Report No. RS22872 |
Title
Order Code RS22872 May 8, 2008 Latvia: Current Issues and U.S. Policy Steven Woehrel Specialist in European Affairs Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Summary After restoration of its independence in 1991 following decades of Soviet rule, Latvia made rapid strides toward establishing a democratic political system and a dynamic, free market economy. It achieved two key foreign policy ...
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| Date May 7, 2008 |
Report No. RL33718 |
Title
Order Code RL33718 Calculating Estate Tax Liability: 2001 to 2011 and Beyond Updated May 7, 2008 Nonna A. Noto Specialist in Public Finance Government and Finance Division Calculating Estate Tax Liability: 2001 to 2011 and Beyond Summary This report provides a basic explanation of how to calculate the federal estate tax liability for a taxable estate of any given size, using the schedule of ...
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| Date May 7, 2008 |
Report No. RL31068 |
Title
Order Code RL31068 Suspension of Budget Enforcement Procedures During Low Economic Growth Updated May 7, 2008 Robert Keith Specialist in American National Government Government and Finance Division Suspension of Budget Enforcement Procedures During Low Economic Growth Summary On April 30, 2008, the Bureau of Economic Analysis of the Department of Commerce announced that two consecutive quarters of ...
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| Date May 7, 2008 |
Report No. 96-809 |
Title
Order Code 96-809 A Lobbying Regulations on Non-Profit Organizations Updated May 7, 2008 Jack H. Maskell Legislative Attorney American Law Division Lobbying Regulations on Non-Profit Organizations Summary Public charities, religious groups, social welfare organizations and other nonprofit organizations which are exempt from federal income taxation are not generally prohibited from engaging in all ...
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| Date May 7, 2008 |
Report No. RL33413 |
Title
Order Code RL33413 Automobile and Light Truck Fuel Economy: The CAFE Standards Updated May 7, 2008 Brent D. Yacobucci Specialist in Energy and Environmental Policy Resources, Science, and Industry Division Robert Bamberger Specialist in Energy Policy Resources, Science, and Industry Division Automobile and Light Truck Fuel Economy: The CAFE Standards Summary On April 22, 2008, the National Highway ...
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| Date May 7, 2008 |
Report No. RL34180 |
Title
Order Code RL34180 Paraguay: Background and U.S. Relations Updated May 7, 2008 Mark P. Sullivan Specialist in Latin American Affairs Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Paraguay: Background and U.S. Relations Summary The demise of the long-ruling Stroessner military dictatorship in 1989 initiated a political transition in Paraguay that has been difficult at times. Current President ...
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| Date May 7, 2008 |
Report No. 96-809A |
Title
Order Code 96-809 A Lobbying Regulations on Non-Profit Organizations Updated May 7, 2008 Jack H. Maskell Legislative Attorney American Law Division Lobbying Regulations on Non-Profit Organizations Summary Public charities, religious groups, social welfare organizations and other nonprofit organizations which are exempt from federal income taxation are not generally prohibited from engaging in all ...
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| Date May 7, 2008 |
Report No. RL34475 |
Title
Order Code RL34475 Transportation Fuel Taxes: Impacts of a Repeal or Moratorium May 7, 2008 Robert Pirog Specialist in Energy Economics Resources, Science, and Industry Division John W. Fischer Specialist in Transportation Policy Resources, Science, and Industry Division Transportation Fuel Taxes: Impacts of a Repeal or Moratorium Summary Legislation that would repeal or otherwise provide for a ...
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| Date May 7, 2008 |
Report No. RS20342 |
Title
Order Code RS20342 Updated May 7, 2008 Additional Standard Tax Deduction for the Elderly: A Description and Assessment Pamela J. Jackson Specialist in Public Finance Government and Finance Division Jennifer Teefy Information Research Specialist Knowledge Services Group Summary An additional personal exemption for elderly taxpayers was enacted by the Revenue Act of 1948 (P.L. 80-471). The rationale ...
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| Date May 7, 2008 |
Report No. RS20555 |
Title
Order Code RS20555 Updated May 7, 2008 Additional Standard Tax Deduction for the Blind: A Description and Assessment Pamela J. Jackson Specialist in Public Finance Government and Finance Division Jennifer Teefy Information Research Specialist Knowledge Services Group Summary In the Revenue Act of 1943, a special $500 income tax deduction was first permitted the blind for expenses directly ...
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| Date May 6, 2008 |
Report No. RL33556 |
Title
Order Code RL33556 Soil and Water Conservation: An Overview Updated May 6, 2008 Tadlock Cowan Analyst in Natural Resources and Rural Development Policy Resources, Science, and Industry Division Ren e Johnson Analyst in Agricultural Policy Resources, Science, and Industry Division Soil and Water Conservation: An Overview Summary Soil and water conservation topics are prominent in discussions of ...
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| Date May 6, 2008 |
Report No. RL34060 |
Title
Order Code RL34060 Conservation and the 2007 Farm Bill Updated May 6, 2008 Tadlock Cowan Analyst in Natural Resources and Rural Development Policy Resources, Science, and Industry Division Ren e Johnson Analyst in Agricultural Policy Resources, Science, and Industry Division Conservation and the 2007 Farm Bill Summary Conservation is playing a prominent role in the development of a farm bill by ...
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| Date May 6, 2008 |
Report No. RL34311 |
Title
Order Code RL34311 Dollar Crisis: Prospect and Implications Updated May 6, 2008 Craig K. Elwell Specialist in Macroeconomic Policy Government and Finance Division Dollar Crisis: Prospect and Implications Summary The dollar s value in international exchange has been falling since early 2002. Over this five year span, the currency, on a real trade weighted basis, is down about 25%. For most of this ...
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| Date May 6, 2008 |
Report No. RL34178 |
Title
Order Code RL34178 Funding Levels for Conservation Programs in the 2007 Farm Bill Updated May 6, 2008 Ren e Johnson Analyst in Agricultural Policy Resources, Science, and Industry Division Funding Levels for Conservation Programs in the 2007 Farm Bill Summary Future funding levels for USDA programs, including conservation programs, are among the most contentious issues Congress is addressing in ...
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| Date May 6, 2008 |
Report No. 98-265 |
Title
A User s Guide to the Congressional Record Mildred Amer Specialist on the Congress May 6, 2008 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov 98-265 CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress A User s Guide to the Congressional Record Summary The Congressional Record is a substantially verbatim account of remarks made during the proceedings of the House and Senate, ...
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| Date May 5, 2008 |
Report No. RL34772 |
Title
Order Code RL34772 Proposals to Merge the Forest Service and the Bureau of Land Management: Issues and Approaches May 5, 2008 Ross W. Gorte Specialist in Natural Resources Policy Resources, Science, and Industry Division Proposals to Merge the Forest Service and the Bureau of Land Management: Issues and Approaches Summary The Forest Service (FS) in the Department of Agriculture and the Bureau of ...
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| Date May 5, 2008 |
Report No. RL34471 |
Title
Order Code RL34471 Suicide Prevention Among Veterans May 5, 2008 Ramya Sundararaman, Sidath Viranga Panangala, and Sarah A. Lister Domestic Social Policy Division Suicide Prevention Among Veterans Summary Numerous news stories in the popular print and electronic media have documented suicides among servicemembers and veterans returning from Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) and Operation Enduring ...
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| Date May 5, 2008 |
Report No. RS22847 |
Title
Order Code RS22847 Updated May 5, 2008 The NATO Summit at Bucharest, 2008 Paul Gallis Specialist in European Affairs Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Summary NATO held a summit in Bucharest, Romania, April 2-4, 2008. The summit did not become the occasion to adopt major new ideas or initiatives. A Strategic Vision paper on Afghanistan clarified several issues but did not lead to a ...
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| Date May 5, 2008 |
Report No. RS22371 |
Title
Order Code RS22371 Updated May 5, 2008 The Pattern of Interest Rates: Does It Signal an Impending Recession? Marc Labonte and Gail Makinen Government and Finance Division Summary The cyclical behavior of the economy is of great interest to Congress, yet the onset of an economic downturn is seldom recognized promptly. Recognition can take more than a year after the fact and is based on the ...
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| Date May 5, 2008 |
Report No. 98-266 |
Title
Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress he Congressional Record is the most widely recognized published account of the debates and activities in Congress. The Record often reflects the intent of Congress in enacting legislation. This report is one of a series on the legislative process. Please see http://www.crs.gov/products/guides/guidehome.shtml for more information on the legislative ...
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| Date May 2, 2008 |
Report No. RL33952 |
Title
Order Code RL33952 The Single European Payments Area (SEPA): Implementation Delays and Implications for the United States Updated May 2, 2008 Walter W. Eubanks Specialist in Financial Economic Government and Finance Division The Single European Payments Area (SEPA): Implementation Delays and Implications for the United States Summary The Single European Payments Area (SEPA) is a planned electronic ...
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| Date May 2, 2008 |
Report No. RS22769 |
Title
Order Code RS22769 Updated May 2, 2008 Medicare Clinical Laboratories Competitive Bidding Demonstration Barbara English Information Research Specialist Knowledge Services Group Summary Medicare pays for clinical laboratory services based on a fee schedule originally established in 1984. Section 302(b) of The Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act, P.L. 108-173, mandated the ...
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| Date May 1, 2008 |
Report No. RL34246 |
Title
Order Code RL34246 Tuberculosis: International Efforts and Issues for Congress Updated May 1, 2008 Tiaji Salaam-Blyther Specialist in Global Health Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Tuberculosis: International Efforts and Issues for Congress Summary Infectious diseases are estimated to cause more than 25% of all deaths around the world. A number of infectious disease outbreaks over the ...
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| Date May 1, 2008 |
Report No. RL34326 |
Title
Order Code RL34326 Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint (ACF) Drought: Federal Water Management Issues Updated May 1, 2008 Nicole T. Carter, Coordinator Resources, Science, and Industry Division M. Lynne Corn, Amy Abel, Stan Mark Kaplan, and Eugene H. Buck Resources, Science, and Industry Division Cynthia Brougher and Kristina Alexander American Law Division Key Policy Staff Legislative Issues Name/ ...
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| Date May 1, 2008 |
Report No. RS22705 |
Title
Order Code RS22705 Updated May 1, 2008 Inflation: Core vs. Headline Marc Labonte Specialist in Macroeconomic Policy Government and Finance Division Summary Inflation measures the rate of change in all prices. Maintaining low and stable inflation is one of the primary goals of macroeconomic policy. But how should inflation be measured? Policymakers, particularly at the Federal Reserve, often refer ...
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| Date May 1, 2008 |
Report No. RS22451 |
Title
Order Code RS22451 Updated May 1, 2008 National Guard Personnel and Deployments: Fact Sheet Michael Waterhouse and JoAnne O Bryant Information Research Specialists Knowledge Services Group Summary The National Guard plays a major role in the defense and security of the United States under the federal component of its mission. Due in part to the military reserve component s increasing ...
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| Date May 1, 2008 |
Report No. RS22698 |
Title
Order Code RS22698 Updated May 1, 2008 FEMA Flood Map Modernization Funding Wayne A. Morrissey Information Research Specialist Knowledge Services Group Summary For FY2009, President Bush requested $151 million to finalize implementation of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) s Flood Map Modernization (Map Mod) Initiative (FMMI) and its ongoing Map Mod program. FEMA introduced the FMMI ...
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| Date May 1, 2008 |
Report No. RS22149 |
Title
Order Code RS22149 Updated May 1, 2008 Exemptions from Environmental Law for the Department of Defense David M. Bearden Specialist in Environmental Policy Resources, Science, and Industry Division Summary Whether broader exemptions from federal environmental laws are needed to preserve military readiness has been an issue. Questions have been raised as to whether environmental requirements have ...
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| Date April 30, 2008 |
Report No. RL34275 |
Title
Order Code RL34275 How Long Can the Defense Department Finance FY2008 Operations in Advance of Supplemental Appropriations? Updated April 30, 2008 Stephen Daggett and Pat Towell Specialists in Defense Policy and Budgets Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division How Long Can the Defense Department Finance FY2008 Operations in Advance of Supplemental Appropriations? Summary On December 18, 2007, ...
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| Date April 30, 2008 |
Report No. RL34488 |
Title
Order Code RL34488 Regulating a Carbon Market: Issues Raised By the European Carbon and U.S. Sulfur Dioxide Allowance Markets April 30, 2008 Mark Jickling Specialist in Financial Economics Government and Finance Division Larry Parker Specialist in Energy and Environmental Policy Resources, Science, and Industry Division Regulating a Carbon Market: Issues Raised by the European Carbon and U.S. ...
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| Date April 30, 2008 |
Report No. RL32001 |
Title
Order Code RL32001 HIV/AIDS in the Caribbean and Central America Updated April 30, 2008 Mark P. Sullivan Specialist in Latin American Affairs Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division HIV/AIDS in the Caribbean and Central America Summary The AIDS epidemic in the Caribbean and Central America has begun to have negative consequences for economic and social development in several countries, and ...
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| Date April 30, 2008 |
Report No. RS21671 |
Title
Order Code RS21671 Updated April 30, 2008 Hague Convention on Intercountry Adoption: Status and Recent Developments Douglas Reid Weimer Legislative Attorney American Law Division Summary On April 1, 2008, the United States became a full member of the Hague Convention on Intercountry Adoption (hereinafter Convention ),1 and the Convention entered into force in the United States. As a result, the ...
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| Date April 29, 2008 |
Report No. RL34101 |
Title
Order Code RL34101 Does Price Transparency Improve Market Efficiency? Implications of Empirical Evidence in Other Markets for the Health Sector Updated April 29, 2008 D. Andrew Austin Economist/Analyst in Economics Government and Finance Division Jane G. Gravelle Senior Specialist in Economic Policy Government and Finance Division Does Price Transparency Improve Market Efficiency? Implications of ...
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| Date April 28, 2008 |
Report No. RL34469 |
Title
Order Code RL34469 Real Earnings, Health Insurance and Pension Coverage, and the Distribution of Earnings, 1979-2006 April 28, 2008 Gerald Mayer Analyst in Public Finance Domestic Social Policy Division Real Earnings, Health Insurance and Pension Coverage, and the Distribution of Earnings, 1979-2006 Summary From 1979 to 2006, there were differences between men and women in the level and growth in ...
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| Date April 28, 2008 |
Report No. RL30006 |
Title
Order Code RL30006 Genetic Information: Legal Issues Relating to Discrimination and Privacy Updated April 28, 2008 Nancy Lee Jones Legislative Attorney American Law Division Amanda K. Sarata Analyst in Genetics Domestic Social Policy Division Genetic Information: Legal Issues Relating to Discrimination and Privacy Summary In April 2003, the sequence of the human genome was deposited into public ...
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| Date April 28, 2008 |
Report No. RL33847 |
Title
Order Code RL33847 Chemical Facility Security: Regulation and Issues for Congress Updated April 28, 2008 Dana A. Shea Specialist in Science and Technology Policy Resources, Science, and Industry Division Todd B. Tatelman Legislative Attorney American Law Division Chemical Facility Security: Regulation and Issues for Congress Summary On April 9, 2007, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) ...
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| Date April 28, 2008 |
Report No. 96-253 |
Title
Order Code 96-253 SPR Updated April 28, 2008 Cancer Research: Selected Federal Spending and Morbidity and Mortality Statistics Judith A. Johnson Domestic Social Policy Division Janet Kinzer Knowledge Services Group Table 1 shows federal spending at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) for research on selected cancer sites (i.e., the part of the body in which the cancer presents itself). Most ...
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| Date April 27, 2008 |
Report No. RL33342 |
Title
Order Code RL33342 Oversight of Dual-Use Biological Research: The National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity Updated April 27, 2007 Dana A. Shea Specialist in Science and Technology Policy Resources, Science, and Industry Division Oversight of Dual-Use Biological Research: The National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity Summary Policymakers have addressed the threat of biological weapons ...
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