Federal Research and Development Funding: FY2007 (CRS Report for Congress)
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| Release Date |
Revised March 13, 2007 |
| Report Number |
RL33345 |
| Report Type |
Report |
| Authors |
Michael E. Davey, Christine M. Matthews, John D. Moteff, Daniel Morgan, and Wendy Schacht, Resources, Science, and Industry Division; Pamela W. Smith, Domestic Social Policy Division; Wayne A. Morrissey, Knowledge Services Group |
| Source Agency |
Congressional Research Service |
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Summary:
On February 15, 2007 President Bush signed into law P.L. 110-5 (H.J.Res. 20), which provides funding for the nine outstanding regular appropriations bills through September 30, 2007.The 109th Congress passed two appropriations bills, the Department of Defense (P.L. 109-289, H.Rept. 109-676) and the Department of Homeland Security (P.L. 109-295, H.Rept. 109-699). P.L. 110-5 will fund most agencies at FY2006 levels through September 30, 2007. However, P.L. 110-5 contains some exceptions to those guidelines, including the centerpiece of the President's proposed FY2007 R&D budget, the American Competitiveness Initiative (ACI). Agencies are required to report their estimated FY2007 R&D funding levels to Congress by March 15, 2007.
The Bush Administration had requested $137.7 billion in federal research and development (R&D) funding for FY2007. That sum represented a 2.4% increase over the estimated $134.5 billion that was approved in FY2006. National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA's) space vehicles development program.
The centerpiece of the President's proposed FY2007 R&D budget was the American Competitiveness Initiative (ACI). The President proposed this initiative in response to growing concerns about America's ability to compete in the technological global market place. Over the next 10 years, the $136 billion initiative would have committed $50 billion for research, science education, and the modernization of research infrastructure. The remaining $86 billion would have financed a revised permanent R&D tax incentive over the next 10 years. The current Research and Experimental Federal tax credit expires at the end of 2007.
As part of the $50 billion for research, the President called for doubling federal R&D funding over10 years. That increase would have included the physical sciences and engineering research in three agencies: the National Science Foundation (NSF), the Department of Energy's (DOE's) Office of Science, and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Based on P.L. 110-5, H.J.Res. 20, both the House and Senate FY2007 appropriations actions would partially fund the President's ACI request. Based on House and Senate actions DOE's Office Science would would receive $200 million of ACI funding, NSF $212 million, and NIST an estimated $37 million for FY2007.
Despite the ACI proposal, total federal basic research funding for FY2007 would have been flat at $28.2 billion (in real dollars). Five agencies accounted for 90% of all federal basic research expenditures in FY2006. Total federal research funding (the sum of basic and applied research) was projected to decline 2.6% in FY2007. That decline was due to a 6.6% drop in applied research funding. The Department of Defense (P.L. 109-289) and the Department of Homeland Security (P.L. 109-295) are the only two agencies that have enacted FY2007 appropriations bills.
