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Saudi Arabia: Current Issues and U.S. Relations (CRS Report for Congress)

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Release Date Revised May 8, 2006
Report Number IB93113
Authors Alfred B. Prados, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Source Agency Congressional Research Service
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Summary:

The United States and Saudi Arabia havelong-standing economic and defense ties. Aseries of informal agreements, statements bysuccessive U.S. administrations, and militarydeployments have demonstrated a strong U.S.security commitment to Saudi Arabia. SaudiArabia was a key member of the allied coalitionthat expelled Iraqi forces from Kuwait in1991, and over 5,000 U.S. troops remain inthe country. Saudi Arabia continues to hostU.S. aircraft enforcing the no-fly zone oversouthern Iraq; however, Saudi Arabia has notoffered the use of its territory for major airstrikes against Iraq in response to Iraqiobstruction of U.N. weapons inspections inrecent years. Bombing attacks against a U.S.operated training facility and a U.S. militaryapartment in 1995 and 1996, respectively,have raised some concerns about security ofU.S. personnel and further security measureshave been implemented. Saudi Arabiaconvicted and executed four Saudi nationalsfor carrying out the 1995 bombing. Afterextended investigations, on June 21, 2001, aU.S. federal grand jury indicted 14 membersof Middle East terrorist organizations for the1996 bombing. None is believed to be in U.S.custody. U.S. officials have cited Saudisupport in the aftermath of the September 11,2001 attacks, including intelligence sharing,law enforcement activities, and tracking ofterrorist financing. Some commentatorsmaintain that Saudi domestic and foreignpolicies have created a climate that may havecontributed to terrorist acts by Islamicradicals. Saudi officials reject this viewpointand maintain that they are working with theUnited States to combat terrorism.Other principal issues of bilateral interestinclude the Saudi position on the Arab-Israeliconflict, security in the post-war Gulf region,arms transfers to Saudi Arabia, Saudi externalaid programs, bilateral trade relationships, andSaudi policies involving human rights anddemocracy. In early 2002, Crown PrinceAbdullah proposed a peace initiative based onIsraeli withdrawal from occupied territories inreturn for normal relations between Arabstates and Israel.