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Balkan Cooperation on War Crimes Issues (CRS Report for Congress)

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Release Date Revised July 25, 2008
Report Number RS22097
Report Type Report
Authors Julie Kim, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Source Agency Congressional Research Service
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Summary:

Balkan cooperation with the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) in The Hague remains an issue of ongoing U.S. and international concern. By mid-June 2008, only three indicted individuals were still at large, although two of them included top wartime Bosnian Serb leaders Radovan Karadzic and Gen. Ratko Mladic, both under indictment since 1995 for genocide and crimes against humanity. Serbian authorities arrested longtime fugitive Stojan Zupljanin near Belgrade on June 11, 2008, the first capture of a major war crimes suspect in about a year. Full cooperation with ICTY has long been a key prerequisite to advancing the shared goal of closer association with and eventual membership in the European Union and NATO for the western Balkan countries. This policy of conditionality has affected Serbia the most, but also other western Balkan countries to varying degrees. Some critics charge that conditionality policy has outlived its usefulness, while others insist that the remaining indicted suspects -- especially Mladic and Karadzic -- should face trial before ICTY closes its doors in 2010 or 2011. The second session of the 110th Congress is likely to consider foreign aid legislation that includes recurring provisions linking U.S. assistance to Serbia with ICTY cooperation; many Members also maintain an interest in NATO and EU enlargement processes. This report may be updated as events warrant. For related information, see CRS Report RS21686, 'Conditions on U.S. Aid to Serbia', by Steven Woehrel.