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Russia (CRS Report for Congress)

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Release Date Revised May 4, 2006
Report Number IB92089
Authors Stuart D. Goldman, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Source Agency Congressional Research Service
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Summary:

Vladimir Putin won reelection as Russian President in March 2004, in an exercise in 'managed democracy' in which he took 71% of the vote and faced no serious competition. The pro-Putin Unified Russia party similarly swept the parliamentary election in December 2003 and controls more than two-thirds of the seats in the Duma. Also in March, Putin replaced long-serving Premier Kasyanov with a little-known bureaucrat, Mikhail Fradkov, indicating Putin's intent to take the reins of government even more completely into his own hands. Putin's twin priorities remain to revive the economy and strengthen the state. He has brought TV and radio under tight state control and virtually eliminated effective political opposition. Federal forces have suppressed large-scale military resistance in Chechnya but face the prospect of prolonged guerilla warfare and terrorist style attacks. […] After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the United States sought a cooperative relationship with Moscow and supplied over $4 billion in grant aid to encourage democracy, market reform, and WMD threat reduction in Russia. Early hopes for a close partnership waned however, due to mutual disillusionment. Direct U.S. foreign aid to Russia, under congressional pressure, fell over the past decade. Indirect U.S. assistance, however, through institutions such as the IMF [International Monetary Fund], was substantial. The United States has imposed economic sanctions on Russian organizations for exporting military technology and equipment to Iran and Syria. There are more restrictions on aid to Russia in the FY2005 foreign aid bill. In the spirit of cooperation after September 11, however, the two sides agreed on a strategic nuclear force reduction treaty and a strategic framework for bilateral relations, signed at the Bush-Putin summit in May 2002.