Defense Primer: Planning, Programming, Budgeting, and Execution (PPBE) Process (CRS Report for Congress)
| Release Date |
Revised July 18, 2024 |
| Report Number |
IF10429 |
| Report Type |
In Focus |
| Authors |
Brendan W. McGarry, Heidi M. Peters |
| Source Agency |
Congressional Research Service |
| Older Revisions |
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Summary:
The Planning, Programming, Budgeting, and Execution
(PPBE) process is one leg of a triad that makes up the
Defense Acquisition System (DAS), and serves as the
primary mechanism for the Secretary of Defense to request,
allocate, track and expend funds within the Department of
Defense (DOD).
The other two components of the DAS are the Acquisition
process, which manages the development and procurement
of DOD systems, and the Joint Capability Integration
Development System (JCIDS), which is responsible for the
requirements process. PPBE comprises five different fiscal
year budget cycles at any given point in time (see Figure 1),
and is further complicated by numerous federal,
department, and agency-specific timelines, missions and
priorities.
In 1961, then-Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara
created the Planning, Programming and Budgeting System
(PPBS) to allocate DOD resources; the last revision to the
process took place in 2003 and was renamed PPBE. Since
then, the PPBE process has remained the system by which
DOD manages its funding.
On an annual basis, the military services (Army, Navy,
Marine Corps and Air Force) and defense agencies submit
to the Secretary of Defense (SECDEF) a Program Objective
Memorandum (POM) that plans a five-year funding period.
The Deputy SECDEF (DEPSECDEF) manages the PPBE
on a day-to-day basis and provides overall leadership and
oversight. The annual PPBE process provides the overall
planning direction, develops the DOD POM, and creates a
Budget Estimate Submission (BES) for years one and two
of the POM.
