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| Date May 8, 2024 |
Report No. IF11755 |
Title
Updated May 8, 2024 The Marine Corps Amphibious Combat Vehicle (ACV) Background The Marine Corps describes the Amphibious Combat Vehicle (ACV) as The Corps next-generation vehicle designed to move Marines from ship to shore (Figure 1). Designed to replace the Corps aging Amphibious Assault Vehicle (AAV), which has been in service since 1972, the ACV will be the primary means of tactical mobility ...
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| Date May 8, 2024 |
Report No. IF12655 |
Title
May 8, 2024 Federal Reserve s Discount Window: Policy Issues The failure of three large banks in the spring of 2023 put the discount window (DW) of the Federal Reserve (Fed) back in the spotlight. DW lending suddenly spiked, reaching an all-time high of $295.7 billion. This In Focus discusses policy issues raised by this episode. Congress has focused on the DW in its oversight capacity, as ...
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| Date May 8, 2024 |
Report No. IF12656 |
Title
May 8, 2024 Postal Primer: Post Office Naming The U.S. Postal Service (USPS) has independent authority to name or designate its postal facilities. Additionally, Congress may designate a post office through legislation. This In Focus describes the policies and procedures for renaming (also referred to as designating or dedicating) postal facilities in honor of one or more individuals. Post Offices ...
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| Date May 8, 2024 |
Report No. IN12267 |
Title
INSIGHTi Iran s Petroleum Exports to China and U.S. Sanctions Updated May 8, 2024 Many Members in the 118th Congress remain concerned with Iran s ability to raise revenue in international markets. Iran s petroleum exports have reportedly reached new heights in 2024, with most exports destined for China. Techniques used to obscure Iranian petroleum exports complicate efforts to identify Iran s ...
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| Date May 8, 2024 |
Report No. R48062 |
Title
The Unemployment Trust Fund: FY2024 Income, Outlays, and End-of-Year Balances May 8, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48062 SUMMARY The Unemployment Trust Fund: FY2024 Income, Outlays, and End-of-Year Balances The joint federal-state Unemployment Insurance system provides temporary and partial wage replacement to involuntarily unemployed workers and stabilizes ...
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| Date May 7, 2024 |
Report No. IF12653 |
Title
May 7, 2024 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza in Dairy Herds The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) confirmed a strain (H5N1) of highly pathogenic avian Influenza A virus (HPAI) in dairy herds in Texas and Kansas on March 25, 2024. To date, cases in dairy herds in Colorado, Idaho, Ohio, Michigan, ...
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| Date May 7, 2024 |
Report No. IF12654 |
Title
May 7, 2024 IRS Direct File Program: An Overview The assessment and collection of federal taxes owed depend on the level of taxpayer compliance with tax laws and regulations. Two factors shaping this compliance are the cost and ease of preparing and filing a tax return. Electronic filing (e-filing) provides benefits to taxpayers and tax administrators like the IRS. The main benefits to taxpayers ...
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| Date May 7, 2024 |
Report No. R48028 |
Title
Baltimore Bridge Collapse: Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) Updated May 7, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48028 Baltimore Bridge Collapse: Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) Contents Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1 Who Owns and Controls the Ship? ...
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| Date May 7, 2024 |
Report No. IF10599 |
Title
Updated May 7, 2024 Defense Primer: Procurement Overview While procurement implies a process of obtaining goods or services, the word also refers to a specific title and to associated accounts within the annual National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) and Department of Defense Appropriations Act. Appropriations for Procurement The Department of Defense (DOD) procurement appropriations title ...
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| Date May 7, 2024 |
Report No. IF11882 |
Title
Updated May 7, 2024 Defense Primer: Directed-Energy Weapons Both the 2022 National Defense Strategy and the House Armed Services Committee s bipartisan Future of Defense Task Force Report have identified directed energy as a technology that could have a significant impact on U.S. national security in the years to come. As the Department of Defense (DOD) continues to invest in directed-energy (DE) ...
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| Date May 7, 2024 |
Report No. IF12020 |
Title
Updated May 7, 2024 Search and Rescue (SAR) Operations on Federal Lands Each year, thousands of visitors to federal lands require the assistance of search and rescue (SAR) services. SAR operations take place in a wide range of environments and conditions and can include brief searches of buildings; medical assistance on trails; or more significant multiday air-, water-, and land-based rescue ...
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| Date May 7, 2024 |
Report No. IN12356 |
Title
INSIGHTi Mexico s 2024 Elections May 7, 2024 On June 2, 2024, Mexico, a top U.S. trade and strategic partner, is scheduled to convene elections for more than 20,000 federal, state, and local offices, including the presidency, the entire congress (Senate and Chamber of Deputies), and eight governorships. The leading presidential candidates offer voters a choice on whether to elect President Andr s ...
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| Date May 7, 2024 |
Report No. IN12357 |
Title
INSIGHTi Panama: 2024 Elections and U.S. Interests May 7, 2024 On May 5, 2024, Panamanians elected Jos Ra l Mulino, the right-wing candidate of the Realizing Goals (RM) and Alliance parties, as their president. Mulino captured 34.3% of the vote, almost 10 points ahead of the second-place candidate (Figure 1). Panamanians also cast votes for all 71 seats of the unicameral National Assembly; results ...
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| Date May 7, 2024 |
Report No. LSB11161 |
Title
Legal Sidebari The American Privacy Rights Act May 7, 2024 On April 7, 2024, Senate Commerce Committee Chair Maria Cantwell and House Energy and Commerce Committee Chair Cathy McMorris Rodgers jointly released a draft of the American Privacy Rights Act (APRA). The APRA would create a comprehensive federal consumer privacy framework. It builds on prior congressional efforts to enact a comprehensive ...
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| Date May 7, 2024 |
Report No. R45525 |
Title
The 2018 Farm Bill (P.L. 115-334): Summary and Side-by-Side Comparison Updated May 7, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45525 SUMMARY The 2018 Farm Bill (P.L. 115-334): Summary and Side-by-Side Comparison Congress sets national food and agriculture policy through periodic omnibus farm bills that address a broad range of farm and food programs and policies. The ...
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| Date May 7, 2024 |
Report No. R47295 |
Title
Economic Forecasts and Projections: Fact Sheet Updated May 7, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47295 SUMMARY Economic Forecasts and Projections: Fact Sheet R47295 May 7, 2024 Ben Leubsdorf Research Librarian Economic projections (also called forecasts) are predictions about the future behavior of economic and financial indicators. They can help lawmakers in ...
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| Date May 7, 2024 |
Report No. TE10100 |
Title
Statement of Ronald O'Rourke Specialist in Naval Affairs Before Committee on Homeland Security Subcommittee on Transportation and Maritime Security U.S. House of Representatives Hearing on Building the Fleet: Assessing the Department of Homeland Security s Role in the United States Coast Guard s Acquisitions Process May 7, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov TE10100 ...
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| Date May 6, 2024 |
Report No. IF10328 |
Title
Updated May 6, 2024 The Islamic State: Background, Current Status, and U.S. Policy The Islamic State (IS) is a transnational Sunni Islamist insurgent and terrorist group. At its 2015 height, the group controlled large areas of Iraq and Syria from which it launched attacks in the region and beyond. While the group no longer controls territory outright in Syria and Iraq, U.S. military officials warn ...
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| Date May 6, 2024 |
Report No. IF11546 |
Title
Updated May 6, 2024 Removal of Inspectors General: Rules, Practice, and Considerations for Congress In 1978, Congress passed the Inspector General Act (IG Act; P.L. 95-452) with the intent to improve oversight within certain executive branch agencies. During the floor debate on the legislation, Senator Thomas Eagleton described independence as the most important characteristic of the inspectors ...
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| Date May 6, 2024 |
Report No. IF11854 |
Title
Updated May 6, 2024 Al Qaeda: Background, Current Status, and U.S. Policy Al Qaeda (AQ, alt. Al Qaida or Al Qa eda) is a transnational Sunni Islamist terrorist organization with a network of affiliates. The group rose to global prominence after perpetrating the September 11, 2001 attacks (9/11) in the United States. Since then, sustained counterterrorism (CT) efforts by the United States and its ...
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| Date May 6, 2024 |
Report No. IF12530 |
Title
Updated May 6, 2024 Older Americans Act: Summary in Brief Overview Title IV, Activities for Health, Independence, and The Older Americans Act (OAA; P.L. 89-73, as amended; 42 U.S.C. Ch. 35) supports a wide range of social and health-related services and programs for older adults, including supportive services (i.e., personal care, chore services, and transportation); congregate nutrition services ...
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| Date May 6, 2024 |
Report No. IF12652 |
Title
May 6, 2024 U.S. International Climate Finance: FY2025 U.S. International Climate Finance Over the past several decades, to substantially varying degrees, the United States has delivered financial and technical assistance for climate change initiatives in the developing world through a variety of bilateral and multilateral channels, with appropriations enacted by Congress and implemented by the ...
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| Date May 6, 2024 |
Report No. IN11118 |
Title
INSIGHTi Army Corps of Engineers: Section 7001 Report on Future Studies and Projects Updated May 6, 2024 Congress specifically authorizes most of the water resource development studies, projects, and other assistance activities performed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), typically through Water Resources Development Acts (WRDAs). In 2014, amid congressional earmark moratorium policies ...
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| Date May 6, 2024 |
Report No. IN12355 |
Title
INSIGHTi North Korea-Russia Relations: Current Developments May 6, 2024 Since 2023, North Korea (officially known as the Democratic People s Republic of Korea, or DPRK) and the Russian Federation (Russia) have upgraded their partnership, a development that could potentially boost Russia s full-scale invasion of Ukraine and increase North Korea s military capabilities and its willingness to engage ...
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| Date May 6, 2024 |
Report No. LSB11127 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Regulation of TikTok Under the Protecting Americans from Foreign Adversary Controlled Applications Act: Analysis of Selected Legal Issues Updated May 6, 2024 In April 2024, Congress enacted the Protecting Americans from Foreign Adversary Controlled Applications Act (PAFACAA) as part of a supplemental appropriations act (P.L. 118-50). The PAFACAA makes it unlawful to provide certain ...
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| Date May 6, 2024 |
Report No. LSB11160 |
Title
Legal Sidebar The Scope of ACA Section 1557: Health Program or Activity May 6, 2024 On May 6, 2024, the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS, or the Department) finalized a new rule under Section 1557 of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA). Section 1557 applies various antidiscrimination requirements to any health program or activity, any part of which receives federal ...
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| Date May 6, 2024 |
Report No. R43414 |
Title
Older Americans Act: Overview and Funding Updated May 6, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R43414 Older Americans Act: Overview and Funding Contents Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1 Older Americans Act: Current Law ...
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| Date May 6, 2024 |
Report No. RL34391 |
Title
Coast Guard Polar Security Cutter (Polar Icebreaker) Program: Background and Issues for Congress Updated May 6, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RL34391 Coast Guard Polar Security Cutter (Polar Icebreaker) Program Summary Required number of polar icebreakers. A 2023 Coast Guard fleet mix analysis concluded that the service will require a total of eight to nine ...
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| Date May 6, 2024 |
Report No. LSB11162 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (April 29 May 5, 2024) May 6, 2024 The federal courts issue hundreds of decisions every week in cases involving diverse legal disputes. This Sidebar series selects decisions from the past week that may be of particular interest to federal lawmakers, focusing on orders and decisions of the Supreme Court ...
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| Date May 6, 2024 |
Report No. R45699 |
Title
The Federal Communications Commission: Structure, Operations, and Budget Updated May 6, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45699 SUMMARY The Federal Communications Commission: Structure, Operations, and Budget The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) is an independent federal agency established by the Communications Act of 1934 (1934 Act, or Communications Act ...
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| Date May 6, 2024 |
Report No. R47553 |
Title
Energy and Water Development: FY2024 Appropriations Updated May 6, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47553 Energy and Water Development: FY2024 Appropriations R47553 Energy and Water Development: FY2024 Appropriations May 6, 2024 The Energy and Water Development and Related Agencies appropriations (E&W) bill funds civil works activities of the U.S. Army Corps of ...
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| Date May 3, 2024 |
Report No. R44838 |
Title
The Weather Research and Forecasting Innovation Act of 2017: Congressional Direction to NOAA in P.L. 115-25 Updated May 3, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44838 SUMMARY The Weather Research and Forecasting Innovation Act of 2017: Congressional Direction to NOAA in P.L. 115-25 R44838 May 3, 2024 Eva Lipiec Specialist in Natural Resource Policy Congress provides ...
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| Date May 2, 2024 |
Report No. R48061 |
Title
Criminal Justice Data: Organized Retail Crime May 2, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48061 SUMMARY Criminal Justice Data: Organized Retail Crime Retailers and retail industry advocacy groups have expressed concern about what they see as a general increase in retail crime, and more specifically an increase in organized retail crime (ORC). Reports of incidents ...
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| Date May 2, 2024 |
Report No. R48059 |
Title
Identifying Areas of Economic Distress: Examples and Considerations May 2, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48059 SUMMARY Identifying Areas of Economic Distress: Examples and Considerations For decades, Congress has used place-based policies to address regional socioeconomic disparities. Many recent federal economic development policies including rural ...
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| Date May 1, 2024 |
Report No. R48060 |
Title
Department of Health and Human Services: FY2025 Budget Request May 1, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48060 SUMMARY Department of Health and Human Services: FY2025 Budget Request This report provides information about the FY2025 budget request for the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Historically, HHS has been one of the larger federal ...
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| Date April 19, 2024 |
Report No. R46873 |
Title
Emergency Response to Extreme Heat: Federal Financial Assistance and Considerations for Congress Updated April 19, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46873 SUMMARY Emergency Response to Extreme Heat: Federal Financial Assistance and Considerations for Congress R46873 April 19, 2024 Erica A. Lee, Coordinator Specialist in Emergency Management and Disaster Recovery ...
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| Date April 9, 2024 |
Report No. R44879 |
Title
Juvenile Justice Funding Trends Updated April 9, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44879 SUMMARY Juvenile Justice Funding Trends Although juvenile justice is generally the purview of the states, the federal government has played a role through the administration of grant programs. Congress has influenced states juvenile justice systems by authorizing and funding ...
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| Date May 3, 2024 |
Report No. R47678 |
Title
Comparing DHS Component Funding, FY2024: In Brief Updated May 3, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47678 Comparing DHS Component Funding, FY2024: In Brief Contents Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1 FY2024 DHS Appropriations Overview ...
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| Date May 3, 2024 |
Report No. R47639 |
Title
Presidential Medal of Freedom Updated May 3, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47639 SUMMARY Presidential Medal of Freedom The Presidential Medal of Freedom is considered the U.S. government s highest civilian honor. Awarded by the President, it is often presented to individuals to recognize a lifetime of significant achievements in the arts, public service, ...
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| Date May 3, 2024 |
Report No. IF12024 |
Title
Updated May 3, 2024 Farm Bill Primer: Conservation Title The conservation title of a farm bill generally contains reauthorizations, amendments, and new programs that encourage farmers and ranchers to voluntarily implement resource-conserving practices on private land. Starting in 1985, farm bills broadened the conservation agenda to include addressing multiple natural resource concerns. Although ...
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| Date May 3, 2024 |
Report No. IF12651 |
Title
May 3, 2024 Drug Offense Sentencing Relief Under the First Step Act and the U.S. Sentencing Guidelines Congress may establish maximum penalties and mandatory minimum penalties for federal crimes. These statutory penalties form the outer bounds of permissible federal criminal sentences. Within these statutory limits, the U.S. Sentencing Guidelines establish sentencing ranges that federal judges ...
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| Date May 3, 2024 |
Report No. IF11211 |
Title
Updated May 3, 2024 The European Parliament and U.S. Interests A Key EU Institution The European Parliament (EP) is the only directly elected institution of the 27-country European Union (EU). The EP s current 705 members represent the EU s nearly 450 million citizens. The EP has accumulated more power over time (most recently with the 2009 Lisbon Treaty) as part of EU efforts to improve ...
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| Date May 3, 2024 |
Report No. IF12650 |
Title
May 3, 2024 Offshore Wind: The Bureau of Ocean Energy Management s Engagement with Federally Recognized Tribes The Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM), within the Department of the Interior (DOI), administers offshore wind leasing on the U.S. outer continental shelf (OCS). Among its responsibilities, BOEM engages with federally recognized Tribes (hereinafter Tribes) at multiple stages of the ...
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| Date May 3, 2024 |
Report No. LSB11159 |
Title
Legal Sidebar The Federal Trade Commission s Non-Compete Rule May 3, 2024 On April 23, 2024, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) adopted a final rule prohibiting most employers from entering into or enforcing non-compete agreements with workers, subject to exceptions for the sale of a business and preexisting non-competes with senior executives. The rule implicates unsettled questions regarding the ...
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| Date May 2, 2024 |
Report No. R48057 |
Title
FY2024 NDAA Funding Authorizations and Legislative Activity: In Brief May 2, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48057 SUMMARY FY2024 NDAA Funding Authorizations and Legislative Activity: In Brief R48057 May 2, 2024 Brendan W. McGarry Specialist in U.S. Defense The National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) is authorization legislation typically Budget introduced ...
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| Date May 2, 2024 |
Report No. R46413 |
Title
Election Day: Frequently Asked Questions Updated May 2, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46413 SUMMARY Election Day: Frequently Asked Questions Election Day is the day legally established to select public officials in the United States. General elections for federal offices President, Vice President, and U.S. Congress are held on the Tuesday after the first ...
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| Date May 2, 2024 |
Report No. R48058 |
Title
No Surprises Act Independent Dispute Resolution (IDR) Process Data Analysis for the First Half of 2023 May 2, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48058 SUMMARY No Surprises Act Independent Dispute Resolution (IDR) Process Data Analysis for the First Half of 2023 R48058 May 2, 2024 Ryan J. Rosso Analyst in Health Care Financing The No Surprises Act (NSA), part of ...
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| Date May 2, 2024 |
Report No. R44339 |
Title
Martin Luther King, Jr. Day Speech Resources: Fact Sheet Updated May 2, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44339 Martin Luther King, Jr. Day Speech Resources: Fact Sheet Introduction Martin Luther King, Jr. Day is a federal holiday observed annually on the third Monday in January. It celebrates the life and legacy of Martin Luther King, Jr. in honor of his ...
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| Date May 2, 2024 |
Report No. R47657 |
Title
Energy and Water Development Appropriations for Nuclear Weapons Activities: In Brief Updated May 2, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47657 Energy and Water Development Appropriations for Nuclear Weapons Activities: In Brief Contents Introduction ...
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| Date May 2, 2024 |
Report No. IF10652 |
Title
Updated May 2, 2024 Career Programs for Veterans, Gold Star Families, and ActiveDuty Spouses in the House and Senate House Green & Gold Congressional Aide Program Origin In 2008, the leadership of the House of Representatives and the Committee on House Administration established a House aide program designed to provide career opportunities for veterans. The program was originally known as the ...
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