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Defense Primer: Research, Development, Test, and Evaluation (CRS Report for Congress)

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Release Date Revised Nov. 19, 2024
Report Number IF10553
Report Type In Focus
Authors John F. Sargent Jr.
Source Agency Congressional Research Service
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Summary:

Advanced technology plays a critical role in ensuring U.S. national security. To maintain technological superiority on the battlefield, the Department of Defense (DOD) relies on scientific and technical knowledge developed in large measure through research, development, test, and evaluation (RDT&E) funded by the department and performed by industry, universities, federal laboratories, and others. DOD also relies on technology developed by the private sector for commercial markets. This In Focus describes DOD’s RDT&E appropriations structure and funding levels. DOD appropriations are provided annually through the defense appropriations act, one of the 12 regular appropriations acts that provide most of the discretionary funding for operation of the federal government. DOD RDT&E funding is provided in four of this act’s titles (see box). Congress also sometimes provides DOD RDT&E funding through supplemental appropriations acts. Congress appropriated a total of $93.5 billion for DOD RDT&E for FY2018, including $92.1 billion in the Defense Appropriations Act, 2018 (P.L. 115-141) and $1.3 billion in the Department of Defense Missile Defeat and Defense Enhancements Appropriations Act, 2018 (P.L. 115-96).