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| Date Feb. 8, 2023 |
Report No. R43357 |
Title
Medicaid: An Overview Updated February 8, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R43357 Medicaid: An Overview Summary Medicaid is a means-tested entitlement program that finances the delivery of primary and acute medical services as well as long-term services and supports (LTSS) to an estimated 85 million people at a cost to states and the federal government of $748 ...
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| Date Feb. 8, 2023 |
Report No. RL30244 |
Title
The Committee Markup Process in the House of Representatives Updated February 8, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RL30244 SUMMARY The Committee Markup Process in the House of Representatives RL30244 February 8, 2023 Christopher M. Davis The purpose of a committee markup is to determine whether a bill or draft bill should be Analyst on Congress and the Legislative ...
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| Date Feb. 8, 2023 |
Report No. R47179 |
Title
The Animal Welfare Act: Background and Selected Issues Updated February 8, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47179 SUMMARY The Animal Welfare Act: Background and Selected Issues R47179 February 8, 2023 Eleni G. Bickell In 1966, Congress passed legislation that later became known as the Animal Welfare Act (P.L. Analyst in Agricultural Policy 89-544) with goals of ...
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| Date Feb. 8, 2023 |
Report No. IF12321 |
Title
February 8, 2023 COVID-Related Travel Restrictions on Arriving Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Foreign Nationals with Valid Documents In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the executive branch invoked statutory powers to impose restrictions on arriving aliens entering into the United States with visas and other valid documents. (The Immigration and Nationality Act [INA] defines alien as any person not ...
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| Date Feb. 8, 2023 |
Report No. IN12092 |
Title
INSIGHTi Latin America and the Caribbean: Issues for the 118th Congress February 8, 2023 According to the Biden Administration s National Security Strategy, No region impacts the United States more directly than the Western Hemisphere. This assertion relates to the region s extensive commercial and migration ties to the United States, the economic and security benefits the United States derives ...
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| Date Feb. 8, 2023 |
Report No. LSB10915 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Rescission of the Migrant Protection Protocols: Litigation Developments February 8, 2023 Federal immigration laws set forth procedures applicable to aliens (as defined under federal law) seeking admission into the United States who have no legal basis to enter the country. Generally, under this legal framework, applicants for admission who are inadmissible shall be detained during ...
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| Date Feb. 8, 2023 |
Report No. IF10424 |
Title
Updated February 8, 2023 The Pesticide Registration Improvement Act of 2022 (PRIA 5; Division HH, Title VI of P.L. 117-328): Authority to Collect Fees The Pesticide Registration Improvement Act of 2022 (PRIA 5; Division HH, Title VI of the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2023, P.L. 117-328) reauthorized the collection and use of two types of fees to enhance and accelerate the U.S. Environmental ...
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| Date Feb. 7, 2023 |
Report No. R47410 |
Title
The Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP): Overview and Issues for Congress February 7, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47410 SUMMARY The Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP): Overview and Issues for Congress Congress established the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) through the National Science and Technology Policy, ...
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| Date Feb. 7, 2023 |
Report No. IN12074 |
Title
INSIGHTi Electric Grid Physical Security: Recent Developments Updated February 7, 2023 On February 6, 2023, the Justice Department announced the arrest of two individuals for planning to attack five electric power transmission substations around Baltimore, MD, allegedly as part of a racially or ethnically motivated violent extremist conspiracy. On December 25, 2022, four electric distribution ...
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| Date Feb. 7, 2023 |
Report No. 95-118 |
Title
Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (PBGC): A Primer Updated February 7, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov 95-118 Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (PBGC): A Primer Summary The Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (PBGC) is a government corporation established by the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA; P.L. 93-406). It was created to ...
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| Date Feb. 7, 2023 |
Report No. R45261 |
Title
The Black Lung Program, the Black Lung Disability Trust Fund, and the Excise Tax on Coal Updated February 7, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45261 SUMMARY The Black Lung Program, the Black Lung Disability Trust Fund, and the Excise Tax on Coal The federal government pays benefits to coal miners affected by coal workers pneumoconiosis (CWP, commonly referred to ...
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| Date Feb. 7, 2023 |
Report No. LSB10486 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Congress and Police Reform: Current Law Updated February 7, 2023 In May and June 2020, protests erupted nationwide after the publication of video footage of a Minneapolis police officer pressing his knee into the neck of George Floyd, causing his death. That incident and others like it sparked heightened interest in Congress s ability to implement reforms of state and local law ...
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| Date Feb. 7, 2023 |
Report No. LSB10913 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (Jan. 30 Feb. 5, 2023) February 7, 2023 The federal courts issue hundreds of decisions every week in cases involving diverse legal disputes. This Sidebar series selects decisions from the past week that may be of particular interest to federal lawmakers, focusing on orders and decisions of the Supreme ...
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| Date Feb. 7, 2023 |
Report No. R44418 |
Title
Birthdays of Abraham Lincoln and George Washington: Fact Sheet Updated February 7, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44418 Birthdays of Abraham Lincoln and George Washington: Fact Sheet Introduction Washington s Birthday, often informally referred to as Presidents Day, is a federal holiday celebrating the birth of President George Washington on the third Monday ...
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| Date Feb. 7, 2023 |
Report No. IF10492 |
Title
Updated February 7, 2023 An Overview of the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (PBGC) The Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (PBGC) is a government corporation established by the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA; P.L. 93406). It was created to protect the pensions of participants and beneficiaries by paying participants benefits if the pension plan is unable to do so. ...
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| Date Feb. 7, 2023 |
Report No. IN12091 |
Title
INSIGHTi Will Inflation Continue to Fall? February 7, 2023 The U.S. economy has experienced high inflation since the spring of 2021, with disagreement over how long this trend will last. Policymakers have debated whether more contractionary fiscal and monetary policy is needed to return to price stability or if it is unnecessary because price stability is already on track to be restored. Inflation ...
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| Date Feb. 7, 2023 |
Report No. LSB10914 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Congress and Police Reform: Recent Proposals Updated February 7, 2023 In May and June 2020, protests erupted nationwide after the publication of video footage of a Minneapolis police officer pressing his knee into the neck of George Floyd, causing his death. That incident and others like it sparked heightened interest in Congress s ability to implement reforms of state and local law ...
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| Date Feb. 7, 2023 |
Report No. LSB10912 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Supreme Court Considers Preemption Under the National Labor Relations Act February 7, 2023 On January 10, 2023, the U.S. Supreme Court heard oral argument in Glacier Northwest v. International Brotherhood of Teamsters Local Union No. 174, a case involving the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) and the preemption of state tort claims. Glacier, a Washington company that mixes and ...
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| Date Feb. 6, 2023 |
Report No. R40076 |
Title
Congressional Commissions: Overview and Considerations for Congress Updated February 6, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R40076 SUMMARY Congressional Commissions: Overview and Considerations for Congress R40076 February 6, 2023 Jacob R. Straus Congressional advisory commissions are formal groups established to provide independent Specialist on the Congress advice ...
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| Date Feb. 6, 2023 |
Report No. R47409 |
Title
Insulin Coverage Under Private Health Insurance and Medicare Part D: In Brief February 6, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47409 Insulin Coverage under Private Health Insurance and Medicare Part D: In Brief Contents Insulin........................................................................................................................................ 1 ...
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| Date Feb. 6, 2023 |
Report No. R43868 |
Title
The National Trails System: A Brief Overview Updated February 6, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R43868 SUMMARY The National Trails System: A Brief Overview The National Trails System was created in 1968 by the National Trails System Act (16 U.S.C. 1241-1251). The system includes four types of trails: (1) national scenic trails (NSTs), which display significant ...
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| Date Feb. 6, 2023 |
Report No. IF12322 |
Title
February 6, 2023 Naturalization: Policy Overview and Selected Trends Naturalization is the process by which a foreign national becomes a U.S. citizen under requirements established in the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA). In 2021, approximately 24 million naturalized U.S. citizens were residing in the United States, representing 53% of the foreign-born population. Naturalization is voluntary ...
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| Date Feb. 6, 2023 |
Report No. IF12319 |
Title
February 6, 2023 Strong Dollar: Implications for U.S. Economy Over the past decade the U.S. dollar has generally increased in value relative to other currencies, reaching new heights since the beginning of the current economic expansion. This appreciation resulted from domestic and international economic conditions but also directly affects the U.S. economy, notably in its effect on trade. This In ...
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| Date Feb. 6, 2023 |
Report No. IF12320 |
Title
February 6, 2023 Crypto and Banking: Policy Issues Some banks have expressed interest in offering services related to cryptocurrencies and other digital assets. Yet extreme and persistent price volatility along with several high-profile scandals, scams, thefts, and failures have generated debate on the risks crypto could pose for banks and their customers if not properly managed. Banks could gain ...
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| Date Feb. 6, 2023 |
Report No. IF11510 |
Title
Updated February 6, 2023 Defense Primer: Department of Defense Civilian Employees Background Congress established the current federal civil service, which is overseen by the Office of Personnel Management (OPM), with the Civil Service Reform Act of 1978 (P.L. 95-454). The civil service comprises all appointive positions in each branch of the U.S. government, other than positions in the uniformed ...
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| Date Feb. 3, 2023 |
Report No. R47407 |
Title
Congressional Commissions: Overview and Considerations for Congress February 3, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47407 SUMMARY Congressional Commissions: Overview and Considerations for Congress R47407 February 3, 2023 Jacob R. Straus Congressional advisory commissions are formal groups established to provide independent Specialist on the Congress advice; to ...
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| Date Feb. 3, 2023 |
Report No. 98-228 |
Title
House Voting Procedures: Forms and Requirements Updated February 3, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov 98-228 House Voting Procedures: Forms and Requirements Summary In the House, there are four forms of votes: voice vote, division vote, yea and nay vote, and recorded vote. In the Committee of the Whole, where much of the chamber s business is conducted, the forms ...
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| Date Feb. 3, 2023 |
Report No. IN12087 |
Title
INSIGHTi Advance Appropriations for the Indian Health Service (IHS) February 3, 2023 The Indian Health Service (IHS) within the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) is the lead federal agency charged with improving the health of American Indians and Alaska Natives. In FY2022, IHS provided health care to approximately 2.7 million eligible American Indians and Alaska Natives through a ...
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| Date Feb. 3, 2023 |
Report No. LSB10865 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Recent Developments in Opioid Regulation Under the Controlled Substances Act Updated February 3, 2023 In recent years, policymakers have devoted significant attention to opioid regulation, seeking in particular to combat the epidemic of opioid misuse and overdoses. Opioids are drugs derived from the opium poppy or emulating the effects of opium-derived drugs. Some opioids have ...
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| Date Feb. 3, 2023 |
Report No. IF11278 |
Title
Updated February 3, 2023 Accredited Investor Definition and Private Securities Markets Companies turn to capital markets to raise funding from investors, a process referred to as a securities offering. Public securities offerings are open to a wide range of investors and must meet comprehensive registration requirements imposed by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). By contrast, private ...
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| Date Feb. 3, 2023 |
Report No. IF12318 |
Title
February 3, 2023 Rules and Statutes Relevant to Safeguarding Classified Materials The discovery of classified documents at the homes, offices, or other facilities used by Presidents and former Presidents and Vice Presidents has spurred Department of Justice investigations. These discoveries may also raise questions regarding the effectiveness of the policies or procedures for protecting and ...
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| Date Feb. 3, 2023 |
Report No. LSB10911 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Third Circuit Dismisses Johnson & Johnson Bankruptcy and Novel Mass-Tort Approach February 3, 2023 Introduction On January 30, 2023, the Third Circuit denied the efforts of Johnson & Johnson Consumer, Inc. (Old Consumer), a subsidiary of Johnson & Johnson (J&J), to use the bankruptcy system as a forum for litigating tens-of-thousands of claims related to talcum powder (talc ...
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| Date Feb. 3, 2023 |
Report No. 98-778 |
Title
Supermajority Votes in the House Updated February 3, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov 98-778 Supermajority Votes in the House Contents Constitutional Supermajority Requirements ................................................................................... 1 Supermajority Requirements Under House Rules ...
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| Date Feb. 2, 2023 |
Report No. RS21900 |
Title
The Protection of Classified Information: The Legal Framework Updated February 2, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RS21900 The Protection of Classified Information: The Legal Framework Summary This report provides an overview of the relationship between executive and legislative authority over national security information. It summarizes the current laws that ...
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| Date Feb. 2, 2023 |
Report No. IN12085 |
Title
INSIGHTi Testimonial Subpoena Authority and Inspectors General February 2, 2023 On June 7, 2022, President Biden signed the Strengthening Oversight for Veterans Act of 2021 (P.L. 117136). This law authorizes the Department of Veterans Affairs Office of Inspector General (VA OIG) to issue subpoenas for testimony to support the office s oversight activities. Inspectors general (IGs) have asked ...
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| Date Feb. 2, 2023 |
Report No. R41425 |
Title
Commemorative Commissions: Overview, Structure, and Funding Updated February 2, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R41425 SUMMARY Commemorative Commissions: Overview, Structure, and Funding R41425 February 2, 2023 Jacob R. Straus Congress statutorily establishes commemorative commissions to oversee and coordinate the Specialist on the Congress federal government s ...
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| Date Feb. 2, 2023 |
Report No. R47403 |
Title
Flooding and Federal Projects: Exposures and Limits to Liability February 2, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47403 SUMMARY Flooding and Federal Projects: Exposures and Limits to Liability R47403 February 2, 2023 Kristen Hite Over the past century, the federal government has undertaken a number of civil works projects to Legislative Attorney prevent widespread ...
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| Date Feb. 2, 2023 |
Report No. IF12317 |
Title
February 2, 2023 The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) is a committee of nonfederal experts who make recommendations to the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) regarding the use of vaccines and related agents for the control of vaccine-preventable disease in the U.S. civilian population. As a critical function, ...
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| Date Feb. 2, 2023 |
Report No. LSB10910 |
Title
Legal Sidebari When Is a Mandatory Minimum Sentence Not Mandatory Under the First Step Act? February 2, 2023 For some federal crimes, Congress establishes maximum penalties and mandatory minimum penalties that form the outer bounds of permissible federal criminal sentences. Between these statutory limits are the U.S. Sentencing Guidelines a series of sentencing ranges based on points assigned to ...
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| Date Feb. 1, 2023 |
Report No. R47402 |
Title
Mental Health Parity and Coverage in Private Health Insurance: Federal Requirements February 1, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47402 Mental Health Parity and Coverage in Private Health Insurance: Federal Requirements Contents Introduction ...
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| Date Feb. 1, 2023 |
Report No. IF12165 |
Title
Updated February 1, 2023 Federal Regional Commissions and Authorities: Administrative Expenses Federal regional commissions and authorities (hereinafter regional commissions) are congressionally-chartered, federal-state partnerships that seek to address economic distress in their designated regions. The regional commissions may use congressional appropriations (base funding), state contributions, ...
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| Date Feb. 1, 2023 |
Report No. LSB10909 |
Title
Legal Sidebari The Effect of Private Immigration Legislation and Recent Policy Changes February 1, 2023 For many years, private immigration bills have served as the last step to prevent the removal of certain aliens (as defined in the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA)) who are subject to final orders of removal. Generally, this practice has been reserved for a very small group of aliens who, ...
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| Date Feb. 1, 2023 |
Report No. IF11889 |
Title
Updated February 1, 2023 HUD Section 108 Loan Guarantee Program: An Overview The Section 108 Loan Guarantee program (Section 108) is one of several Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) programs designed to support local community and economic development activities. It is a source of flexible financing with which grantees of the Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) can carry out ...
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| Date Jan. 31, 2023 |
Report No. R47417 |
Title
Electric Utility Disconnections January 31, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47417 SUMMARY Electric Utility Disconnections R47417 January 31, 2023 When an electricity customer does not pay their electricity bill in full and on time, a process begins which can culminate in disconnection. Disconnections are closely related to electricity Ashley J. Lawson ...
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| Date Jan. 31, 2023 |
Report No. R47404 |
Title
Immigration Relief for Noncitizen Crime Victims January 31, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47404 SUMMARY Immigration Relief for Noncitizen Crime Victims Noncitizens (referred to as aliens in immigration law), like citizens, may be victims of crime in the United States. Noncitizen crime victims can be temporary nonimmigrants (e.g., tourists, students, temporary ...
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| Date Jan. 31, 2023 |
Report No. IN12089 |
Title
INSIGHTi Federal Regional Commissions: Great Lakes Authority Established and Other Updates January 31, 2023 For decades, Congress has indicated support for federal regional commissions and authorities (hereinafter commissions ) by providing appropriations for existing commissions and by occasionally authorizing new commissions. During the 117th Congress, one new commission was established and two ...
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| Date Jan. 31, 2023 |
Report No. R47405 |
Title
Oil and Gas Technology and Geothermal Energy Development January 31, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47405 SUMMARY Oil and Gas Technology and Geothermal Energy Development R47405 January 31, 2023 Morgan Smith The U.S. energy industry is undergoing a decades-long transition that includes increased Analyst in Energy Policy production of shale oil and natural gas, ...
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| Date Jan. 31, 2023 |
Report No. IN12084 |
Title
INSIGHTi 2023 North American Leaders Summit: Issues for the 118th Congress January 31, 2023 Mexico hosted the 10th North American Leaders Summit (NALS) in Mexico City on January 9-10, 2023. President Joe Biden met with Mexican President Andr s Manuel L pez Obrador and Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau for discussions on trilateral issues of mutual importance. In a Declaration of North America ...
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| Date Jan. 31, 2023 |
Report No. IF12316 |
Title
January 31, 2023 Improving Crime Victimization Data for Noncitizen Populations Accurate and comprehensive crime data are vital to understanding the scope of criminal victimizations in the United States, including those affecting noncitizens and immigrant communities. These data may be particularly important in the case of noncitizens, as there are several forms of immigration relief available to ...
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| Date Jan. 31, 2023 |
Report No. R45323 |
Title
Federalism-Based Limitations on Congressional Power: An Overview Updated January 31, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45323 SUMMARY Federalism-Based Limitations on Congressional Power: An Overview The U.S. Constitution establishes a system of dual sovereignty between the states and the federal government. Although the Supremacy Clause of the Constitution ...
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