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| Date March 27, 2023 |
Report No. IF12361 |
Title
March 27, 2023 Deposit Insurance and the Failures of Silicon Valley Bank and Signature Bank Congress created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) in the wake of the Great Depression to limit the losses depositors would face if their banks failed. It did so to instill confidence in the banking system and deter economically detrimental events such as bank runs. This In Focus examines the ...
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| Date March 27, 2023 |
Report No. R47350 |
Title
Federal Procurement: Emergency-Related Acquisition Flexibilities Updated March 27, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47350 SUMMARY Federal Procurement: Emergency-Related Acquisition Flexibilities Federal procurement is an essential component of the federal government s response to disasters, emergencies, and other types of incidents. Procurement data for federal ...
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| Date March 27, 2023 |
Report No. IF12328 |
Title
Updated March 27, 2023 Department of Labor Guidance and Regulations on the Exercise of Shareholder Rights by Private-Sector Pension Plans Introduction The fiduciary standards in the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA; P.L. 93-406, as amended) require that individuals who make decisions for private-sector pension plans (referred to as fiduciaries) adhere to specified standards ...
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| Date March 27, 2023 |
Report No. IF12362 |
Title
March 27, 2023 Department of Labor Guidance and Regulations on the Exercise of Shareholder Rights by Private-Sector Pension Plans Introduction The fiduciary standards in the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA; P.L. 93-406, as amended) require that individuals who make decisions for private-sector pension plans (referred to as fiduciaries) adhere to specified standards of ...
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| Date March 24, 2023 |
Report No. R47487 |
Title
The Hydrogen Economy: Putting the Pieces Together March 24, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47487 SUMMARY The Hydrogen Economy: Putting the Pieces Together R47487 March 24, 2023 Martin C. Offutt A future economy using hydrogen as an energy carrier and fuel has been a topic among Analyst in Energy Policy policymakers evaluating whether hydrogen could offer an ...
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| Date March 24, 2023 |
Report No. IN12128 |
Title
INSIGHTi HSA@20 Episode Companion: Personnel March 24, 2023 This Insight accompanies the Personnel episode of The Homeland Security Act at 20 podcast series and includes background information on the issues discussed during the podcast. Click this link to ask questions, provide feedback, or offer suggestions for future topics. You can also email the podcast team at HSA20@loc.gov. Thank you for ...
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| Date March 24, 2023 |
Report No. LSB10907 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Perez v. Sturgis Public Schools: the Supreme Court Considers a Futility Exception to IDEA Administrative Exhaustion Updated March 24, 2023 The Supreme Court recently considered the interplay between the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) and other federal laws protecting students with disabilities, particularly the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). In Perez v. ...
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| Date March 24, 2023 |
Report No. IF12357 |
Title
March 24, 2023 2022 Nuclear Posture Review: Selected Programmatic Issues Background The unclassified 2022 Nuclear Posture Review (NPR), a legislatively mandated document (10 U.S.C., Ch. 24), describes the Biden Administration s plans to continue to modernize U.S. nuclear forces and infrastructure. That modernization process began under the Obama and Trump Administrations. The NPR reaffirms the ...
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| Date March 24, 2023 |
Report No. IF12359 |
Title
March 24, 2023 The Proposed Rosemont Copper Mine A preliminary mine plan of operation (MPO) was submitted to the Forest Service (FS) in 2007 for the proposed Rosemont Copper Mine (RCM), located partially within the Coronado National Forest near Tucson, Arizona (Figure 1). In May 2022, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit affirmed a district court ruling in 2019 that vacated the FS s ...
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| Date March 24, 2023 |
Report No. IN11582 |
Title
INSIGHTi FEMA Funeral Assistance for COVID-19 Updated March 24, 2023 Congress authorized the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) to provide Funeral Assistance for deaths associated with the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Although the incident period for the COVID-19 declarations is set to end on May 11, 2023, FEMA has stated that it will continue to provide Funeral Assistance ...
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| Date March 24, 2023 |
Report No. IF12364 |
Title
March 24, 2023 Gun Control: ATF Final Stabilizing Brace Rule On January 31, 2023, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) issued a final rule entitled Factoring Criteria for Firearms Attached with Stabilizing Braces. The rule redefines the term rifle as a means to reclassify certain brace-equipped firearms as short-barreled rifles (SBRs). The firearms in question were ...
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| Date March 23, 2023 |
Report No. R46337 |
Title
Transfer of Defense Articles: U.S. Sale and Export of U.S.-Made Arms to Foreign Entities Updated March 23, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46337 SUMMARY Transfer of Defense Articles: U.S. Sale and Export of U.S.-Made Arms to Foreign Entities An extensive set of laws, regulations, policies, and procedures govern the sale and export of U.S.-origin weapons to ...
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| Date March 23, 2023 |
Report No. RL34273 |
Title
Federal Land Ownership: Acquisition and Disposal Authorities Updated March 23, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RL34273 SUMMARY Federal Land Ownership: Acquisition and Disposal Authorities The federal government owns roughly 640 million acres, more than a quarter of the land in the United States. Four agencies the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), U.S. Fish and ...
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| Date March 23, 2023 |
Report No. R47482 |
Title
Middle East and North Africa-China Relations March 23, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47482 SUMMARY Middle East and North Africa-China Relations The People s Republic of China (PRC, or China) has been expanding and strengthening its diplomatic, security, commercial, and cultural ties with countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region since the ...
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| Date March 23, 2023 |
Report No. IN12055 |
Title
INSIGHTi Challenges with Identifying Minors Online Updated March 23, 2023 Congress has enacted legislation to protect minors online, such as the Children s Online Privacy Protection Act of 1998 (COPPA). COPPA requires operators of online services that collect personal information and are directed to, or knowingly collect, data on children under 13 years of age to notify users about the data ...
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| Date March 23, 2023 |
Report No. R43237 |
Title
Programs for Minority-Serving Institutions Under the Higher Education Act Updated March 23, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R43237 Programs for Minority-Serving Institutions Under the Higher Education Act Summary Minority-serving institutions (MSIs) are institutions of higher education that serve high concentrations of minority students who, historically, have ...
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| Date March 23, 2023 |
Report No. R47260 |
Title
Intercity Passenger Rail: Federal Policy and Programs Updated March 23, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47260 SUMMARY Intercity Passenger Rail: Federal Policy and Programs The federal government has been involved in preserving and improving passenger rail service since 1970, when the bankruptcies of several major railroads prompted Congress to create Amtrak ...
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| Date March 23, 2023 |
Report No. IF10055 |
Title
Updated March 23, 2023 Bank Failures and the FDIC This In Focus provides an introduction to the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation s (FDIC s) process for resolving failing FDIC-insured banks. It also identifies policy issues Congress may consider related to the recent failures of two large banks in 2023 Silicon Valley Bank (SVB) and Signature Bank (SB). Overview of Bank Failures Banks fail for ...
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| Date March 23, 2023 |
Report No. IF12356 |
Title
March 23, 2023 Digital Biology: Implications of Genetic Sequencing Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the molecule that carries genetic information of an organism. This genetic code is composed of nucleotide bases (A, T, C, and G). The sequence of these bases encodes information that can, for example make a protein. A genome is the complete set of DNA in an organism. A gene sequencer reads DNA. Gene ...
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| Date March 23, 2023 |
Report No. IF12163 |
Title
Updated March 23, 2023 Department of Energy Funding for Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technology Programs FY2022 The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Hydrogen Program, led by the Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technologies Office (HFTO) within the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) addresses the development of applications that use hydrogen in place of today s fuels and technologies that ...
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| Date March 23, 2023 |
Report No. IF10972 |
Title
Updated March 23, 2023 Labor Enforcement Issues in U.S. FTAs Background Labor provisions in free trade agreements (FTAs) both in the United States and globally were first included in the North American Agreement on Labor Cooperation (NAALC), a side agreement to the 1994 North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). Since then, U.S. provisions have evolved from commitments not only to enforce a ...
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| Date March 22, 2023 |
Report No. R44124 |
Title
Appropriations Report Language: Overview of Development and Components Updated March 22, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44124 SUMMARY Appropriations Report Language: Overview of Development and Components R44124 March 22, 2023 Drew C. Aherne Congressional reports accompany appropriations measures when they are reported by the House Analyst on Congress and the ...
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| Date March 22, 2023 |
Report No. R47483 |
Title
Noncitizen Eligibility for Employment Authorization and Work-Authorized Social Security Numbers (SSNs) March 22, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47483 SUMMARY Noncitizen Eligibility for Employment Authorization and Work-Authorized Social Security Numbers (SSNs) R47483 March 22, 2023 Abigail F. Kolker Analyst in Immigration Policy While U.S. citizens who are of ...
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| Date March 22, 2023 |
Report No. R47480 |
Title
Social Security Administration (SSA): FY2023 Annual Limitation on Administrative Expenses (LAE) Appropriation: In Brief March 22, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47480 SUMMARY Social Security Administration (SSA): FY2023 Annual Limitation on Administrative Expenses (LAE) Appropriation: In Brief R47480 March 22, 2023 William R. Morton Analyst in Income Security ...
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| Date March 22, 2023 |
Report No. LSB10704 |
Title
Legal Sidebari The Role of International Tribunals in the Response to the Invasion of Ukraine Updated March 22, 2023 The Ukrainian government and much of the international community contend that actions taken by Russian forces following its February 2022 invasion of Ukraine violate international law. At the outset of the invasion, a number of officials expressed concern that actions during the ...
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| Date March 22, 2023 |
Report No. LSB10779 |
Title
Legal Sidebari State Laws Restricting or Prohibiting Abortion Updated March 22, 2023 The Supreme Court s decision in Dobbs v. Jackson Women s Health Organization overruled Roe v. Wade, providing states with greater discretion to restrict abortion access, including by limiting abortion prior to fetal viability. This Sidebar provides an overview of existing or recently passed state laws prohibiting ...
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| Date March 22, 2023 |
Report No. IN12126 |
Title
INSIGHTi College and University Endowments: Payout Rates and Spending on Student Financial Aid March 22, 2023 Starting in 2018, certain private colleges and universities with endowments valued at $500,000 or more became subject to a 1.4% excise tax on total net investment income (Internal Revenue Code [IRC] Section 4968). For the purposes of this tax, net investment income is capital gains as well ...
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| Date March 21, 2023 |
Report No. R47479 |
Title
Common Causes of Economic Recession March 21, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47479 SUMMARY Common Causes of Economic Recession In the short term, the economy fluctuates between periods of increasing economic activity expansions and decreasing economic activity contractions, or recessions. Recessions are characterized by decreases in output and employment. The ...
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| Date March 21, 2023 |
Report No. R47446 |
Title
The Department of Homeland Security: A Primer Updated March 21, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47446 SUMMARY The Department of Homeland Security: A Primer Established in early 2003, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) is the youngest cabinet-level department of the U.S. government, and has a broad and complex mission. This report is intended to brief ...
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| Date March 21, 2023 |
Report No. IF11238 |
Title
Updated March 21, 2023 HIV/AIDS in the Military In various chapters of Title 10, U.S. Code, Congress has codified a number of broad authorities for the Department of Defense (DOD) to establish certain accession and retention standards for servicemembers. These authorities allow DOD to create standards and set minimum thresholds in areas such as educational aptitude, physical fitness, and medical ...
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| Date March 21, 2023 |
Report No. IN12125 |
Title
INSIGHTi Silicon Valley Bank and Signature Bank Failures March 21, 2023 This Insight discusses the sudden failure of two large banks Silicon Valley Bank (SVB) and Signature Bank and the policy issues raised by their failure. Although the available information is preliminary, some policy insights can be gleaned from what is known so far. For background on banking regulation, see CRS In Focus ...
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| Date March 21, 2023 |
Report No. R40683 |
Title
Congressional Member Organizations (CMOs) and Informal Member Groups: Their Purpose and Activities, History, and Formation Updated March 21, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R40683 SUMMARY Congressional Member Organizations (CMOs) and Informal Member Groups: Their Purpose and Activities, History, and Formation R40683 March 21, 2023 Sarah J. Eckman Analyst in ...
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| Date March 21, 2023 |
Report No. LSB10939 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (Mar. 13, 2023 Mar. 19, 2023) March 21, 2023 The federal courts issue hundreds of decisions every week in cases involving diverse legal disputes. This Sidebar series selects decisions from the past week that may be of particular interest to federal lawmakers, focusing on orders and decisions of the ...
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| Date March 21, 2023 |
Report No. 94-166 |
Title
Extraterritorial Application of American Criminal Law Updated March 21, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov 94-166 Extraterritorial Application of American Criminal Law Summary Criminal law is usually territorial. It is a matter of the law of the place where it occurs. Nevertheless, a number of American criminal laws apply extraterritorially outside of the United ...
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| Date March 21, 2023 |
Report No. IF12355 |
Title
March 21, 2023 Overview of the Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA) and Emergency Abortion Services The Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA, largely codified in Section 1867 of the Social Security Act, 42 U.S.C. 1395dd) is a federal law that generally compels Medicare-participating hospitals to provide emergency care to any individual, irrespective of an ...
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| Date March 21, 2023 |
Report No. IF12354 |
Title
March 21, 2023 The FERS Cost-of-Living-Adjustment (COLA) and the Equal COLA Act (H.R. 866) The Equal COLA Act, H.R. 866, was introduced on February 8, 2023. This bill, which has also been introduced in prior Congresses, would make changes to the cost-ofliving-adjustment (COLA) under the Federal Employees Retirement System (FERS). Specifically, the Equal COLA Act would remove the cap for the FERS ...
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| Date March 21, 2023 |
Report No. IN11960 |
Title
INSIGHTi FY2023 NDAA: Military Abortion Policies Updated March 21, 2023 Background The June 24, 2022, Supreme Court decision in Dobbs v. Jackson Women s Health, which overturned Roe v. Wade and allowed states to further restrict abortion access, raised questions from some Members of Congress about military personnel and family member access to abortion services when assigned to installations in ...
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| Date March 21, 2023 |
Report No. IN11036 |
Title
INSIGHTi Congressional Member Organizations (CMOs) and Informal Member Groups Updated March 21, 2023 In addition to party organizations and committees, Members of the House and Senate often participate in informal Member organizations. Hundreds of informal Member organizations which are commonly referred to as caucuses, working groups, or task forces have typically existed in each recent session ...
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| Date March 21, 2023 |
Report No. RS22497 |
Title
Extraterritorial Application of American Criminal Law: An Abbreviated Sketch Updated March 21, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RS22497 Extraterritorial Application of American Criminal Law: An Abbreviated Sketch Summary Criminal law is usually territorial. It is a matter of the law of the place where it occurs. Nevertheless, a number of American criminal laws ...
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| Date March 20, 2023 |
Report No. R47293 |
Title
Energy and Water Development: FY2023 Appropriations Updated March 20, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47293 SUMMARY R47293 Energy and Water Development: FY2023 Appropriations March 20, 2023 The Energy and Water Development and Related Agencies appropriations bill funds civil works projects of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE); the Department of the ...
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| Date March 20, 2023 |
Report No. R47478 |
Title
Agricultural Conservation and the Next Farm Bill March 20, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47478 SUMMARY Agricultural Conservation and the Next Farm Bill R47478 March 20, 2023 Megan Stubbs The agricultural conservation title of omnibus farm bills contains authorizing and amending Specialist in Agricultural Conservation and Natural language to existing and new ...
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| Date March 20, 2023 |
Report No. IN12124 |
Title
INSIGHTi HSA@20 Episode Companion: Government Reorganization March 20, 2023 This Insight accompanies the Reorganization episode of The Homeland Security Act at 20 podcast series and includes background information on the issues discussed during the podcast. Click this link to ask questions, provide feedback, or offer suggestions for future topics. You can also email the podcast team at HSA20@ ...
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| Date March 20, 2023 |
Report No. R47191 |
Title
Department of Veterans Affairs: Abortion Policy Updated March 20, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47191 SUMMARY Department of Veterans Affairs: Abortion Policy The primary mission of the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) of the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) is to provide health care services to veterans. To accomplish this goal, VA has promulgated ...
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| Date March 20, 2023 |
Report No. R47481 |
Title
The Education Sciences Reform Act (ESRA): A Primer March 20, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47481 SUMMARY The Education Sciences Reform Act (ESRA): A Primer This primer summarizes the Education Sciences Reform Act (ESRA), the Educational Technical Assistance Act (ETAA), and the National Assessment of Educational Progress Authorization Act (NAEPAA). The report ...
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| Date March 20, 2023 |
Report No. R41857 |
Title
Use of National Statuary Hall: Assignment and Historic Events Updated March 20, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R41857 SUMMARY Use of National Statuary Hall: Assignment and Historic Events Statuary Hall has been used as the setting for a variety of events, including memorial ceremonies and receptions for new Members of Congress, award presentations, and as media ...
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| Date March 20, 2023 |
Report No. 98-988 |
Title
Voting and Quorum Procedures in the House of Representatives Updated March 20, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov 98-988 SUMMARY Voting and Quorum Procedures in the House of Representatives The Constitution requires that a quorum, defined as a majority of the House, be present on the floor when the House transacts business. The House, however, always presumes that ...
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| Date March 20, 2023 |
Report No. LSB10937 |
Title
Legal Sidebari The Role of Bridge Banks in FDIC Receiverships March 20, 2023 The collapses of Silicon Valley Bank (SVB) and Signature Bank (Signature) bring to the fore the function of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) in winding down a failed financial institution. As part of the process of taking over SVB and Signature, the FDIC created bridge banks for both entities. A bridge ...
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| Date March 20, 2023 |
Report No. LSB10938 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Supreme Court Rules Against IRS on Foreign Account Reporting Penalties March 20, 2023 Federal law requires U.S. persons with a financial interest in or signature or other authority over foreign financial accounts totaling more than $10,000 to report these accounts by filing a Report of Foreign Bank and Financial Accounts, commonly known as an FBAR, each year. The IRS may levy civil ...
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| Date March 20, 2023 |
Report No. IF11754 |
Title
Updated March 20, 2023 EPA s Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency s (EPA s) Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program (GHGRP) requires certain facilities to report their emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs). In addition, the GHGRP requires suppliers of specific products, such as natural gas and petroleum, to report the GHG emissions that would ultimately result from the ...
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| Date March 20, 2023 |
Report No. IF11926 |
Title
Updated March 20, 2023 Coins and Medals Celebrating the Anniversary of the Declaration of Independence On July 4, the United States celebrates the anniversary of the 1776 signing of the Declaration of Independence with a federal holiday called Independence Day. For certain milestone anniversaries (every 50 years), Congress has authorized the temporary design of circulating coins, or the issuance ...
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