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| Date April 20, 2023 |
Report No. IF10322 |
Title
Updated April 20, 2023 Medicaid Primer Medicaid is a joint federal-state program that finances the delivery of primary and acute medical services, as well as long-term services and supports (LTSS), to a diverse lowincome population, including children, pregnant women, adults, individuals with disabilities, and people aged 65 and older. In FY2021, Medicaid covered health care services for an ...
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| Date April 19, 2023 |
Report No. R47510 |
Title
Rural Definitions Used for Eligibility Requirements in USDA Rural Development Programs April 19, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47510 SUMMARY Rural Definitions Used for Eligibility Requirements in USDA Rural Development Programs The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Office of Rural Development (RD) administers more than 40 programs that support economic ...
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| Date April 19, 2023 |
Report No. R47508 |
Title
Semiconductors and the Semiconductor Industry April 19, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47508 SUMMARY Semiconductors and the Semiconductor Industry Semiconductors (also known as integrated circuits, microelectronic chips, or computer chips) are tiny electronic devices (based primarily on silicon or germanium) composed of billions of components that can process, ...
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| Date April 19, 2023 |
Report No. LSB10950 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Congressional Investigation of the Trump Indictment April 19, 2023 Manhattan District Attorney Alvin Bragg, Jr. recently asked a federal district court to declare invalid a House Judiciary Committee (Committee) deposition subpoena issued as part of an inquiry into the indictment of former President Trump. The disputed subpoena was issued not to Mr. Bragg but to a former employee of ...
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| Date April 19, 2023 |
Report No. LSB10951 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (April 10-April 14, 2023) April 19, 2023 The federal courts issue hundreds of decisions every week in cases involving diverse legal disputes. This Sidebar series selects decisions from the past week that may be of particular interest to federal lawmakers, focusing on orders and decisions of the Supreme ...
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| Date April 18, 2023 |
Report No. R47507 |
Title
Private Health Insurance: A Primer April 18, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47507 SUMMARY Private Health Insurance: A Primer In general, a health insurance plan is an agreement that a plan enrollee will pay specified amounts in return for coverage of certain health care benefits (often, as furnished by certain health care providers). Private health insurance ...
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| Date April 18, 2023 |
Report No. R47506 |
Title
The Persistent Digital Divide: Selected Broadband Deployment Issues and Policy Considerations April 18, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47506 SUMMARY The Persistent Digital Divide: Selected Broadband Deployment Issues and Policy Considerations Access to high-speed internet known as broadband has become a topic of increasing significance over the past few ...
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| Date April 18, 2023 |
Report No. IF10336 |
Title
Updated April 18, 2023 The Fundamentals of Unemployment Compensation A Joint Federal-State Program The joint federal-state Unemployment Compensation (UC) program provides income support through UC benefit payments. Although there are broad requirements under federal law regarding UC benefits and financing, the specifics are set out under each state s laws. States administer UC benefits with U.S. ...
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| Date April 18, 2023 |
Report No. R47509 |
Title
SBA COVID-19 EIDL Financial Relief: Policy Options and Considerations April 18, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47509 SUMMARY SBA COVID-19 EIDL Financial Relief: Policy Options and Considerations Congress took several actions to provide financial relief in the wake of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic including passing the Coronavirus Aid, Relief ...
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| Date April 18, 2023 |
Report No. RL31572 |
Title
Appropriations Subcommittee Structure: History of Changes from 1920 to 2023 Updated April 18, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RL31572 Appropriations Subcommittee Structure: History of Changes from 1920 to 2023 Summary This report details the evolution of the House and Senate Appropriations Committees subcommittee structure from the 1920s to the present. In 1920, ...
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| Date April 18, 2023 |
Report No. IN12146 |
Title
INSIGHTi CFPB Proposes New Credit Card Late Fee Regulation April 18, 2023 On March 29, 2023, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) issued a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking to reduce late fees on credit cards. The rulemaking would amend Regulation Z, which implements the Truth in Lending Act (TILA; 15 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.), by reducing the credit card late fee safe harbor to $8 (generally ...
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| Date April 17, 2023 |
Report No. R45732 |
Title
The Federal Tort Claims Act (FTCA): A Legal Overview Updated April 17, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45732 SUMMARY The Federal Tort Claims Act (FTCA): A Legal Overview A plaintiff injured by a defendant s wrongful act may file a tort lawsuit to recover money from that defendant. To name a particularly familiar example of a tort, a person who negligently ...
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| Date April 17, 2023 |
Report No. R47329 |
Title
Ghana: Overview and U.S. Policy Updated April 17, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47329 SUMMARY Ghana: Overview and U.S. Policy R47329 April 17, 2023 Introduction. Ghana stands out in West Africa for its record of stability and peaceful electoral turnovers of power since a transition to multiparty rule in the early 1990s. Rising insecurity and Tom s F. Husted ...
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| Date April 17, 2023 |
Report No. IF10548 |
Title
Updated April 17, 2023 Defense Primer: U.S. Defense Industrial Base The Department of Defense (DOD) relies on a large and complex defense industrial base for the materials, products, and services that enable the Department s warfighting capabilities and business operations. Defining the Defense Industrial Base The defense industrial base (DIB) encompasses all organizations and facilities that ...
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| Date April 17, 2023 |
Report No. RL33462 |
Title
National Heritage Areas: Background and Issues for Congress Updated April 17, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RL33462 SUMMARY National Heritage Areas: Background and Issues for Congress RL33462 April 17, 2023 Mark K. DeSantis Analyst in Natural Since 1984, Congress has established 61 national heritage areas (NHAs) to conserve, Resources Policy enhance, and ...
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| Date April 17, 2023 |
Report No. IF11333 |
Title
Updated April 17, 2023 Deep Fakes and National Security Deep fakes a term that first emerged in 2017 to describe realistic photo, audio, video, and other forgeries generated with artificial intelligence (AI) technologies could present a variety of national security challenges in the years to come. As these technologies continue to mature, they could hold significant implications for congressional ...
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| Date April 17, 2023 |
Report No. IF11426 |
Title
Updated April 17, 2023 Department of Defense Counter-Unmanned Aircraft Systems Unmanned aircraft systems (UAS), commonly called drones, have proliferated rapidly and are available to nation states and to nonstate actors and individuals. These systems could provide U.S. adversaries with a low-cost means of conducting intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance missions against or attacking U.S. ...
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| Date April 17, 2023 |
Report No. IN12119 |
Title
Congressional Disapproval of District of Columbia Laws Under the Home Rule Act Updated April 17, 2023 The District of Columbia Self-Government and Governmental Reorganization Act, as amended (also known as the District of Columbia Home Rule Act ), establishes a special parliamentary mechanism by which Congress can disapprove laws enacted by the District of Columbia. Under Section 602(c) of the act ...
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| Date April 17, 2023 |
Report No. IF10881 |
Title
Updated April 17, 2023 Uruguay: An Overview Uruguay, with a population of 3.6 million people, is located on the Atlantic coast of South America between Brazil and Argentina (see Figure 1). The country stands out in Latin America for its strong democratic institutions; high per capita income; and low levels of corruption, poverty, and inequality. Due to its domestic success and commitment to ...
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| Date April 17, 2023 |
Report No. IF12269 |
Title
Updated April 17, 2023 Regulating Reproductive Health Services After Dobbs v. Jackson Women s Health Organization Introduction In Dobbs v. Jackson Women s Health Organization, a fiveJustice majority overruled the Supreme Court s prior decisions in Roe v. Wade and Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey, holding that the U.S. Constitution does not confer a right to an abortion. By ...
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| Date April 14, 2023 |
Report No. R47505 |
Title
Student Loan Cancellation Under the HEROES Act April 14, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47505 SUMMARY Student Loan Cancellation Under the HEROES Act On August 24, 2022, Secretary of Education Miguel Cardona announced that he would invoke the Higher Education Relief Opportunities for Students Act of 2003 (HEROES Act) to cancel up to $20,000 of federal student ...
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| Date April 14, 2023 |
Report No. IF12348 |
Title
Updated April 14, 2023 Medications for Opioid Use Disorder Opioids, such as heroin, fentanyl, and some prescription pain medications (including morphine and oxycodone) are substances that act on receptors in the brain important in regulating pain and emotion. Opioids have high potential for misuse, dependence, and overdose. The label opioid use disorder (OUD) is the diagnostic term for a ...
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| Date April 14, 2023 |
Report No. RS22536 |
Title
Overview of the Federal Procurement Process and Resources Updated April 14, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RS22536 Overview of the Federal Procurement Process and Resources Summary In the basic federal procurement process, acquisition personnel, after determining their agencies requirements (that is, the goods and services the agencies need), post solicitations ...
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| Date April 14, 2023 |
Report No. IN12144 |
Title
INSIGHTi Snap Parliamentary Elections in Kazakhstan: Outlook and Issues for Congress April 14, 2023 Overview Kazakhstan, a U.S. partner in areas such as counterterrorism, nonproliferation, and regional security, held snap parliamentary elections on March 19, 2023. The electoral contest for the Majilis, the lower chamber of parliament, was announced in January when President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev ...
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| Date April 13, 2023 |
Report No. R45981 |
Title
Dam Safety Overview and the Federal Role Updated April 13, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45981 SUMMARY Dam Safety Overview and the Federal Role R45981 April 13, 2023 Dams provide various services, including flood control, hydroelectric power, recreation, navigation, and water supply, but they require maintenance, and sometimes rehabilitation and Anna E. ...
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| Date April 13, 2023 |
Report No. RL33209 |
Title
Casework in a Congressional Office Updated April 13, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RL33209 SUMMARY Casework in a Congressional Office In a congressional office, the term casework refers to the response or services that Members of Congress provide to constituents who request assistance. Each year, thousands of constituents turn to Members of Congress with a ...
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| Date April 13, 2023 |
Report No. LSB10948 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Supreme Court to Consider the Meaning of Knowingly Under the False Claims Act April 13, 2023 On April 18, 2023, the Supreme Court is scheduled to hear arguments in a pair of False Claims Act (FCA) cases involving allegations that retail pharmacies charged the government inflated prices for prescription drugs under Medicare and Medicaid. The FCA is a qui tam statute that authorizes ...
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| Date April 13, 2023 |
Report No. IF11929 |
Title
Updated April 13, 2023 World Trade Organization Fisheries Subsidies Negotiations On June 17, 2022, World Trade Organization (WTO) members finalized a limited agreement on long-running negotiations aimed at curbing fisheries subsidies that lead to excess capacity and may contribute to overfishing (fishing at a rate that a species cannot replenish its population), and those that support illegal, ...
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| Date April 13, 2023 |
Report No. R45003 |
Title
Muslim Holidays: Fact Sheet Updated April 13, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45003 Muslim Holidays: Fact Sheet Introduction Islam is one of the three major Abrahamic faiths, alongside Judaism and Christianity. Islam, considered by the Pew Research Center to be the world s fastest-growing religion, has approximately 1.8 billion followers worldwide, of whom some ...
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| Date April 13, 2023 |
Report No. IF12381 |
Title
April 13, 2023 Economic Development Conveyances for BRAC Properties Congress has approved five rounds of military base realignments and closures under the Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC) process: in 1988, 1991, 1993, 1995, and 2005. Since 2005, Congress has not authorized additional BRAC rounds. Recent funding for prior BRAC rounds has focused on properties where environmental remediation is ...
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| Date April 12, 2023 |
Report No. RL34024 |
Title
Veterans and Homelessness Updated April 12, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RL34024 SUMMARY RL34024 Veterans and Homelessness April 12, 2023 From the time of the Vietnam War, and continuing as veterans returned from wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, data show that veterans have experienced homelessness at rates exceeding their representation in the general ...
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| Date April 12, 2023 |
Report No. IF11062 |
Title
Updated April 12, 2023 Introduction to Financial Services: Capital Markets This In Focus provides an overview of U.S. capital markets, Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) regulation, and related policy issues. Market Composition Capital markets are where securities such as stocks and bonds are issued and traded. U.S. capital markets instruments include (1) stocks, also called equity or shares ...
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| Date April 12, 2023 |
Report No. IF12379 |
Title
April 12, 2023 The 45F Tax Credit for Employer-Provided Child Care Introduction Many working families across the country struggle to find affordable child care. Employer-provided child care is one model that could align the needs of some working families with the needs of some employers. Families may find that employer-provided care is easier to access, while employers may find that providing ...
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| Date April 11, 2023 |
Report No. IN12088 |
Title
INSIGHTi Effects of Terminating the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) PHE and NEA Declarations Updated April 11, 2023 In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, federal officials issued declarations of emergency and disaster pursuant to multiple emergency authorities, including Section 319 of the Public Health Service Act (PHSA; P.L. 78-410, as amended; 42 U.S.C. 201-300mm 61); the National ...
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| Date April 11, 2023 |
Report No. LSB10947 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (April 3-April 7, 2023) April 11, 2023 The federal courts issue hundreds of decisions every week in cases involving diverse legal disputes. This Sidebar series selects decisions from the past week that may be of particular interest to federal lawmakers, focusing on the orders and decisions of the ...
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| Date April 11, 2023 |
Report No. RL34752 |
Title
Senate Committee Party Ratios: 98th-118th Congresses Updated April 11, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RL34752 Senate Committee Party Ratios: 98th-118th Congresses Summary The party ratio in the Senate standing committees is the proportional number of members of each party caucus assigned to each committee. Determining committee sizes, ratios, and assignments ...
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| Date April 11, 2023 |
Report No. IN12143 |
Title
INSIGHTi Security for the Federal Judiciary: Recent Developments April 11, 2023 Chief Justice John Roberts, in his year-end report for 2022, stated that the law requires every judge to swear an oath to perform his or her work without fear or favor and that, in order to perform that work, judges must be supported by ensuring their safety. The Chief Justice s year-end report was in response to ...
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| Date April 11, 2023 |
Report No. R40478 |
Title
House Committee Party Ratios: 98th-118th Congresses Updated April 11, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R40478 House Committee Party Ratios: 98th-118th Congresses Summary The party ratio in a House of Representatives standing committee refers to the proportional number of members of each party caucus assigned to each committee. Determining sizes, ratios, and ...
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| Date April 11, 2023 |
Report No. IF10341 |
Title
Updated April 11, 2023 Justice for United States Victims of State Sponsored Terrorism Act: Eligibility and Funding Since 1996, the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act (FSIA; 28 U.S.C. 1602-11) has authorized U.S. courts to order state sponsors of terrorism namely, Iran, North Korea, Cuba, and Syria, and previously Libya, Iraq, and Sudan to pay monetary damages to terrorism victims. Courts have since ...
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| Date April 10, 2023 |
Report No. R43351 |
Title
The Higher Education Act (HEA): A Primer Updated April 10, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R43351 The Higher Education Act (HEA): A Primer Summary The Higher Education Act of 1965 (HEA; P.L. 89-329, as amended) authorizes numerous federal aid programs that provide support to both individuals pursuing a postsecondary education and institutions of higher education ...
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| Date April 10, 2023 |
Report No. R47503 |
Title
Temporary Assistance for Needy Families: The Decline in Assistance Receipt Among Eligible Individuals April 10, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47503 TANF: Decline in Assistance Receipt Among Eligible Individuals Temporary Assistance for Needy Families: The Decline in Assistance Receipt Among Eligible Individuals R47503 April 10, 2023 Gene Falk Specialist in ...
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| Date April 10, 2023 |
Report No. IF12377 |
Title
April 10, 2023 FY2024 Budget Request for the Military Health System On March 9, 2023, President Joseph R. Biden submitted his Fiscal Year (FY) 2024 budget request to Congress. Discretionary funding in the Department of Defense (DOD) budget request totals $842.0 billion, including $58.7 billion (7.0%) to fund the Military Health System (MHS), which delivers certain health entitlements under Chapter ...
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| Date April 10, 2023 |
Report No. IN12142 |
Title
INSIGHTi HSA@20 Episode Companion: Cybersecurity April 10, 2023 This Insight accompanies the Cybersecurity episode of The Homeland Security Act at 20 podcast series and includes background information on the issues discussed during the podcast. Click this link to ask questions, provide feedback, or offer suggestions for future topics. You can also email the podcast team at HSA20@loc.gov. Thank you ...
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| Date April 10, 2023 |
Report No. IF12098 |
Title
Updated April 10, 2023 Internal Revenue Service Appropriations, FY2023 Overview of the IRS Budget The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) has two primary responsibilities: (1) collecting most of the revenue to fund federal government agencies and programs, and (2) enforcing taxpayer compliance with federal tax laws through taxpayer services and activities like audits. In FY2021, the agency processed ...
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| Date April 7, 2023 |
Report No. R47484 |
Title
International Trade and Finance: Overview and Issues for the 118th Congress Updated April 7, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47484 SUMMARY International Trade and Finance: Overview and Issues for the 118th Congress The congressional role in U.S. trade policy includes setting priorities for trade negotiations, requiring notification from or consultation with the ...
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| Date April 7, 2023 |
Report No. IF10470 |
Title
Updated April 7, 2023 The Director of National Intelligence (DNI) As provided in statute, the Director of National Intelligence (DNI) oversees the integration of the intelligence functions of the 18 statutory elements of the Intelligence Community (IC), spearheads the support the IC provides to the military and senior policymakers across the government, and serves as principal intelligence advisor ...
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| Date April 7, 2023 |
Report No. IN12141 |
Title
INSIGHTi The Silicon Valley Bank Failure s Capital Markets Implications April 7, 2023 The sudden failure of Silicon Valley Bank (SVB) and Signature Bank and troubles at several other banks (e.g., First Republic Bank and Credit Suisse) triggered a selloff of bank shares in March 2023. Regional bank shares (e.g., KBW Nasdaq regional bank index) were down nearly 20% year-to-date through March 17, ...
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| Date April 7, 2023 |
Report No. LSB10946 |
Title
Legal Sidebar Silicon Valley Bank s Failure and Potential Director/Officer Liability April 7, 2023 On March 10, 2023, a California banking regulator closed Silicon Valley Bank (SVB), making it the second-largest bank by assets to fail in U.S. history. At the same time, the state regulator appointed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) as SVB s receiver to liquidate the institution, ...
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| Date April 7, 2023 |
Report No. IF11671 |
Title
Updated April 7, 2023 Overview of the Treasury Department s Federal Payment Levy and Treasury Offset Programs Within the federal government, the U.S. Department of the Treasury, through its Bureau of Fiscal Service (BFS), is primarily responsible for collecting delinquent debt owed to federal, and in some cases, state government agencies. The BFS has two programs for collecting such debt. They ...
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| Date April 6, 2023 |
Report No. RL34035 |
Title
Grants Work in a Congressional Office Updated April 6, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RL34035 Grants Work in a Congressional Office Summary Members of Congress frequently receive requests from grantseekers needing funds for projects in districts and states. In considering a response, a congressional office might first determine its policies and procedures ...
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