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Report No.
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| Date May 4, 2023 |
Report No. IF12395 |
Title
May 4, 2023 Login.gov: Administration and Identity Authentication In recent years, Congress and the executive branch have worked to digitize and streamline processes where members of the public interact with the federal government. In 2015, Congress required the General Services Administration (GSA) to develop and implement a single sign-on trusted identity platform for individuals accessing ...
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| Date May 3, 2023 |
Report No. R47197 |
Title
African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA): Overview and Issues for Congress Updated May 3, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47197 SUMMARY African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA): Overview and Issues for Congress The African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) is a nascent goods and services free trade zone that African Union (AU) member states created ...
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| Date May 3, 2023 |
Report No. R47335 |
Title
Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies (THUD) Appropriations for FY2023 Updated May 3, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47335 SUMMARY Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies (THUD) Appropriations for FY2023 The House and the Senate Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies (THUD) ...
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| Date May 3, 2023 |
Report No. IF11666 |
Title
Updated May 3, 2023 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Nuisance Species Efforts Introduction USACE Nuisance Species Activities Nuisance species are species that cause, or are likely to cause, economic or environmental harm or harm to human health. Nuisance species impact both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. As human societies have become more connected, opportunities for the spread of non-native ...
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| Date May 2, 2023 |
Report No. R47541 |
Title
Immigration: The U.S. Entry-Exit System May 2, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47541 SUMMARY Immigration: The U.S. Entry-Exit System The U.S. entry-exit system aids in immigration enforcement, national security, and travel facilitation. For example, the system assists U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) in making determinations about whom to allow to enter ...
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| Date May 2, 2023 |
Report No. IN12155 |
Title
INSIGHTi Appearances by Sitting U.S. Supreme Court Justices at Congressional Committee and Subcommittee Hearings (1960-2022) May 2, 2023 This Insight provides historical information and analysis related to appearances by sitting U.S. Supreme Court Justices at congressional committee and subcommittee hearings during the period 1960 through 2022 (confirmation hearings are excluded from the analysis ...
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| Date May 2, 2023 |
Report No. IN12149 |
Title
INSIGHTi Structure of Federal Debt and Extraordinary Measures Updated May 2, 2023 Structure of Federal Debt Federal debt is the accumulated sum of unrepaid borrowing by the federal government over time, and to a lesser extent, the value of federal loan disbursements net of repayments. The total federal debt consists of debt held by the public and intragovernmental debt. Debt owed to the public ...
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| Date May 2, 2023 |
Report No. R47230 |
Title
Organization of American States: In Brief Updated May 2, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47230 SUMMARY Organization of American States: In Brief The Organization of American States (OAS) is a regional multilateral organization that comprises all 35 independent countries of the Western Hemisphere, including the United States. It was established in 1948 as a ...
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| Date May 2, 2023 |
Report No. IN10837 |
Title
INSIGHTi Debt Limit Policy Questions: What Are Extraordinary Measures? Updated May 2, 2023 A joint resolution enacted in December 2021 (P.L. 117-73) increased the statutory debt limit to $31.38 trillion. Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen informed Congress in a January 13, 2023, letter that she would implement extraordinary measures starting on January 19, 2023, to prevent the debt limit from ...
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| Date May 2, 2023 |
Report No. IF11180 |
Title
Updated May 2, 2023 Confucius Institutes in the United States: Selected Issues The People s Republic of China s (PRC s or China s) Confucius Institutes offer instruction in Chinese language in universities around the world. The Institutes have been the subject of controversy since appearing on U.S. university campuses in 2005, particularly for their perceived effects on academic freedom and for ...
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| Date May 1, 2023 |
Report No. R47021 |
Title
Federal Involvement in Ocean-Based Research and Development Updated May 1, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47021 SUMMARY Federal Involvement in Ocean-Based Research and Development R47021 May 1, 2023 Caitlin Keating-Bitonti Multiple federal departments and agencies conduct ocean-based research, monitoring, and/or Analyst in Natural Resources Policy ...
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| Date May 1, 2023 |
Report No. LSB10957 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (Apr. 24 Apr. 30, 2023) May 1, 2023 The federal courts issue hundreds of decisions every week in cases involving diverse legal disputes. This Sidebar series selects decisions from the past week that may be of particular interest to federal lawmakers, focusing on orders and decisions of the Supreme Court ...
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| Date May 1, 2023 |
Report No. IN12153 |
Title
INSIGHTi HSA@20 Episode Companion: Immigration May 1, 2023 This Insight accompanies the Immigration episode of The Homeland Security Act at 20 podcast series and includes background information on the issues discussed during the podcast. Click this link to ask questions, provide feedback, or offer suggestions for future topics. You can also e-mail the podcast team at HSA20@loc.gov. Thank you for ...
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| Date May 1, 2023 |
Report No. IF12393 |
Title
May 1, 2023 Senators Who Die In Office: History and Current Practices Since 1789, 301 Senators have died in office. When a sitting Member dies, the Senate and House of Representatives carry out a number of actions based in part on chamber rules, statutes, long-standing practices, and other variables extant at the time of the Senator s demise. funeral; Some congressional practices related to the ...
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| Date May 1, 2023 |
Report No. IN12154 |
Title
INSIGHTi Statutory Restrictions on the Use of Journalists for Intelligence Purposes May 1, 2023 On March 29, 2023 Russian authorities arrested Wall Street Journal reporter Evan Gershkovich and charged him with espionage. The U.S. Department of State subsequently determined that Gershkovich is "wrongfully detained" and that the U.S. government will provide all appropriate support to secure the ...
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| Date April 28, 2023 |
Report No. R47528 |
Title
Immigration Options and Professional Requirements for Foreign Health Care Workers April 28, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47528 SUMMARY Immigration Options and Professional Requirements for Foreign Health Care Workers The United States has long relied on foreign nationals to supplement its health care workforce because of long-standing shortages of doctors in ...
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| Date April 28, 2023 |
Report No. IF10407 |
Title
Updated April 28, 2023 Dominican Republic The Dominican Republic occupies the eastern two-thirds of the Caribbean island of Hispaniola, which it shares with Haiti. The Dominican Republic is a key U.S. partner in the Caribbean due to its comparatively large size, strong economy, and democratic institutions. The two countries have maintained close commercial ties under the Dominican Republic-Central ...
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| Date April 28, 2023 |
Report No. IG10038 |
Title
Fed eral Federal recognition (sometimes called federal acknowledgment) is a term ofart - - formalizing a relationship between the United States and a recognized Indian Tribe, Recogn Itlon through which the Tribe becomes "eligible for the special programs and services I I provided by the United States to Indians because of their status as Indians."1 Of Ind Ian Trlbes: Federal recognition engenders ...
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| Date April 28, 2023 |
Report No. IF12392 |
Title
April 28, 2023 New Federal Protections for Pregnant and Nursing Workers Several federal laws protect workers during nursing and pregnancy, but two new federal laws, passed as part of the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2023, go into effect this year and expand those protections in certain ways. The Providing Urgent Maternal Protections for Nursing Mothers Act (PUMP for Nursing Mothers Act), ...
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| Date April 28, 2023 |
Report No. IF10789 |
Title
Updated April 28, 2023 Caribbean Basin Security Initiative The United States developed the Caribbean Basin Security Initiative (CBSI), a regional U.S. foreign assistance program, in 2009 through a process of dialogue with Caribbean countries. The initiative seeks to reduce illicit trafficking in the region, advance public safety and security, and promote social justice. Because of their geographic ...
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| Date April 27, 2023 |
Report No. R47233 |
Title
Status of FY2023 Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education Appropriations: In Brief Updated April 27, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47233 SUMMARY Status of FY2023 Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education Appropriations: In Brief This report provides a brief summary of the status of FY2023 Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, and ...
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| Date April 27, 2023 |
Report No. R47527 |
Title
Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD): FY2024 Budget Request Fact Sheet April 27, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47527 SUMMARY Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) FY2024 Budget Request: Fact Sheet This report provides a brief overview of the President s FY2024 budget request for the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). ...
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| Date April 26, 2023 |
Report No. R47526 |
Title
Closed, Converted, Merged, and New Hospitals with Medicare Rural Designations: January 2018-November 2022 April 26, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47526 SUMMARY Closed, Converted, Merged, and New Hospitals with Medicare Rural Designations: January 2018-November 2022 Hospital closures, conversions (or downsizes), and mergers, particularly hospitals located in ...
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| Date April 26, 2023 |
Report No. TE10083 |
Title
Statement of Barry F. Huston Analyst in Social Policy Before Committee on Ways and Means Subcommittee on Social Security U.S. House of Representatives Hearing on Social Security Fundamentals: A Fact-Based Foundation April 26, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov TE10083 Congressional Research Service 1 Chairman Ferguson, Ranking Member Larson, and Members of the ...
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| Date April 26, 2023 |
Report No. R47512 |
Title
Data in Brief: Funding Status of Multiemployer Defined Benefit Pension Plans Updated April 26, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47512 Data in Brief: Funding Status of Multiemployer Defined Benefit Pension Plans Contents Multiemployer Defined Benefit (DB) Pension Plans ...................................................................... 1 Pension Benefit ...
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| Date April 26, 2023 |
Report No. R47525 |
Title
House Rules Changes Affecting Committee Procedure in the 118th Congress (2023-2024) April 26, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47525 SUMMARY House Rules Changes Affecting Committee Procedure in the 118th Congress (2023-2024) As agreed to in the House, H.Res. 5, a resolution adopting the rules of the House of Representatives, provided amendments to the rules, as ...
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| Date April 26, 2023 |
Report No. IF12388 |
Title
April 26, 2023 First Amendment Limitations on Disclosure Requirements The government often requires regulated entities to make disclaimer statements or disclose information. These disclosure requirements are often seen as a more speechfriendly alternative to governmental prohibitions on speech. They can still run afoul of the First Amendment, however, because the Free Speech Clause limits the ...
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| Date April 26, 2023 |
Report No. RS22389 |
Title
An Introduction to the Low-Income Housing Tax Credit Updated April 26, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RS22389 SUMMARY An Introduction to the Low-Income Housing Tax Credit RS22389 April 26, 2023 Mark P. Keightley The low-income housing tax credit (LIHTC) program is the federal government s primary policy Specialist in Economics tool for encouraging the ...
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| Date April 26, 2023 |
Report No. LSB10955 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Second Circuit Applies Supreme Court Decision to Limit the Reach of Federal Fraud Statutes April 26, 2023 In December 2022 the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit issued its second decision in United States v. Blaszczak (Blaszczak II), overturning convictions for wire fraud, securities fraud, and conversion of government property. These convictions arose from an ...
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| Date April 26, 2023 |
Report No. IF11911 |
Title
Updated April 26, 2023 Connecting Constituents with Federal Programs for Drinking Water and Wastewater Infrastructure Projects Congress has established programs to assist constituents including individuals, organizations, and local governments with drinking water and wastewater infrastructure projects. This In Focus includes a list of selected federal grant, loan, and other programs that support ...
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| Date April 25, 2023 |
Report No. R47520 |
Title
The Voting Rights Act: Historical Development and Policy Background April 25, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47520 SUMMARY The Voting Rights Act: Historical Development and Policy Background The Voting Rights Act (VRA) is one of the most significant elections statutes ever enacted. The law prohibits discrimination based on race, color, or language-minority ...
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| Date April 25, 2023 |
Report No. R47521 |
Title
Electricity: Overview and Issues for Congress April 25, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47521 SUMMARY Electricity: Overview of Congressional Issues Electricity is of perennial interest to Congress, especially the policy issues of reliability, security, affordability, and greenhouse gas emissions. R47521 April 25, 2023 Ashley J. Lawson Analyst in Energy Policy ...
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| Date April 25, 2023 |
Report No. R47523 |
Title
Frequently Asked Questions: CHIPS Act of 2022 Provisions and Implementation April 25, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47523 SUMMARY Frequently Asked Questions: CHIPS Act of 2022 Provisions and Implementation Semiconductors are a uniquely important enabling technology, fundamental to nearly all modern industrial and national security activities, as well as ...
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| Date April 25, 2023 |
Report No. R47300 |
Title
Ocean Acidification: Frequently Asked Questions Updated April 25, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47300 SUMMARY Ocean Acidification: Frequently Asked Questions The ocean absorbs carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere. Chemical reactions between CO2 and water can change the pH of seawater (pH is a measure of water s acidity or basicity). The current shift in ...
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| Date April 25, 2023 |
Report No. R40858 |
Title
Locate an Agency or Program Within Appropriations Bills Updated April 25, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R40858 SUMMARY Locate an Agency or Program Within Appropriations Bills This report provides an alphabetical listing of federal agencies and programs, and it is an aid to identify the major source of their appropriated funding. A listing of House and Senate ...
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| Date April 25, 2023 |
Report No. IF11102 |
Title
Updated April 25, 2023 Military Medical Malpractice and the Feres Doctrine The Department of Defense (DOD) employs physicians and other medical personnel to administer health care to servicemembers, military retirees, and their family members. If these providers commit medical malpractice, they may cause injury or death. This In Focus discusses the standards and procedures governing medical ...
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| Date April 25, 2023 |
Report No. LSB10952 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (Apr. 17 Apr. 23, 2023) April 25, 2023 The federal courts issue hundreds of decisions every week in cases involving diverse legal disputes. This Sidebar series selects decisions from the past week that may be of particular interest to federal lawmakers, focusing on orders and decisions of the Supreme ...
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| Date April 25, 2023 |
Report No. LSB10953 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Transgender Students and School Bathroom Policies: Title IX Challenges Divide Appellate Courts April 25, 2023 In the past several years, federal courts have disagreed about whether school policies that prohibit transgender students from using the school bathroom consistent with their gender identity violate Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 ( Title IX ). Title IX ...
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| Date April 25, 2023 |
Report No. IN12148 |
Title
INSIGHTi The Role of Cryptocurrency in the Failures of Silvergate, Silicon Valley, and Signature Banks April 25, 2023 The involvement of a number of recently failed banks with the cryptocurrency industry seemed to be the manifestation of crypto market volatility affecting traditional finance. Failed banks exposure to crypto adds to the policy debate over the appropriate relationship between banks ...
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| Date April 24, 2023 |
Report No. R47519 |
Title
An Overview of the Corporate Income Tax System April 24, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47519 SUMMARY An Overview of the Corporate Income Tax System R47519 April 24, 2023 Mark P. Keightley This report presents information and research on the U.S. corporate income tax to help Specialist in Economics policymakers understand and evaluate policies to modify it. ...
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| Date April 24, 2023 |
Report No. IF12386 |
Title
April 24, 2023 Defining Final Agency Action for APA and CRA Review Executive branch action may be subject to both judicial and congressional review. Two federal statutes authorizing such review are the Administrative Procedure Act (APA), which generally governs judicial review of agency action, and the Congressional Review Act (CRA), which provides an avenue for Congress to review agency rules. ...
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| Date April 24, 2023 |
Report No. IF10763 |
Title
Updated April 24, 2023 U.S. International Climate Finance: A Primer International Environmental Assistance Many governments hold that environmental degradation and climate change pose international and transboundary risks to human populations, economies, and ecosystems. To confront these challenges, governments have negotiated various international agreements to protect the environment, reduce ...
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| Date April 24, 2023 |
Report No. IF12385 |
Title
April 24, 2023 Single-Family Residential Appraisals: An Overview A real estate appraisal is an estimate of the value that a property can be sold for given prevailing market conditions. An appraisal (also called a valuation) is typically conducted prior to the completion of a sale of a single-family residential property or when a homeowner decides to refinance an existing mortgage. A lender ...
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| Date April 24, 2023 |
Report No. IF12036 |
Title
Updated April 24, 2023 U.S. International Climate Finance: FY2024 U.S. International Climate Finance Over the past several decades, to varying degrees, the United States has delivered financial and technical assistance for climate change activities in the developing world through a variety of bilateral and multilateral channels with appropriations passed by Congress and implemented by the ...
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| Date April 24, 2023 |
Report No. IF12055 |
Title
Updated April 24, 2023 The U.S. DOT Disadvantaged Business Enterprise Program The Department of Transportation (DOT) Disadvantaged Business Enterprise (DBE) program seeks to offer small disadvantaged businesses a fair opportunity to compete for federally funded transportation contracts. Small disadvantaged businesses are small businesses that are owned and controlled by socially and economically ...
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| Date April 21, 2023 |
Report No. IF10565 |
Title
Updated April 21, 2023 Federal Disaster Assistance for Agriculture A number of federal assistance programs are designed to address agricultural losses following a natural disaster, including insurance, direct payments for loss, loans, and cost share to rehabilitate damaged lands. These programs are intended to assist producers recovering from production, financial, and physical loss related to or ...
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| Date April 20, 2023 |
Report No. IF12383 |
Title
April 20, 2023 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Appropriations: FY2024 President s Budget Request Since FY2006, Congress has funded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies appropriation acts. For FY2024, the President requested $12.08 billion for EPA. The request was $1.95 billion (19.2%) greater than the $10.14 billion FY2023 ...
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| Date April 20, 2023 |
Report No. R47511 |
Title
Subsistence Uses of Resources in Alaska: An Overview of Federal Management April 20, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47511 SUMMARY Subsistence Uses of Resources in Alaska: An Overview of Federal Management Certain federal statutes provide avenues for individuals to engage in subsistence uses of natural resources. The term subsistence uses or subsistence in ...
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| Date April 20, 2023 |
Report No. IN12122 |
Title
INSIGHTi Congressional Disapproval of District of Columbia Acts: Overview of Selected Resolutions Updated April 20, 2023 The U.S. Constitution provides Congress with plenary legislative authority over the District of Columbia (DC) as the federal capital. With the passage of the District of Columbia Self-Government and Governmental Reorganization Act of 1973 (P.L. 93-198, hereinafter the Home Rule ...
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| Date April 20, 2023 |
Report No. IF12090 |
Title
Updated April 20, 2023 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers: FY2023 Appropriations Congress generally funds civil works activities of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) in annual Energy and Water Development appropriations acts. These activities include the planning and construction of authorized water resource projects and operation and maintenance (O&M) of infrastructure and navigation ...
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