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| Date May 16, 2023 |
Report No. R46595 |
Title
Continuing Resolutions: Overview of Components and Practices Updated May 16, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46595 SUMMARY Continuing Resolutions: Overview of Components and Practices The program activities of most federal agencies are generally funded on an annual basis through the enactment of regular appropriations acts. When those annual appropriations acts ...
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| Date May 16, 2023 |
Report No. R47557 |
Title
Cybercrime and the Law: Primer on the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act and Related Statutes May 16, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47557 SUMMARY Cybercrime and the Law: Primer on the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act and Related Statutes R47557 May 16, 2023 Peter G. Berris Legislative Attorney There is no single, straightforward definition of cybercrime under federal ...
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| Date May 16, 2023 |
Report No. LSB10965 |
Title
Legal Sidebari SCOTUS Rules That PROMESA Does Not Abrogate Puerto Rico Oversight Board s Sovereign Immunity If It Has Any May 16, 2023 On May 11, 2023, the U.S. Supreme Court announced its decision in Financial Oversight and Management Board (Board) for Puerto Rico v. Centro de Periodismo Investigativo (CPI). The case presented the question of whether the Puerto Rico Oversight, Management, and ...
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| Date May 16, 2023 |
Report No. R41634 |
Title
Limitations in Appropriations Measures: An Overview of Procedural Issues Updated May 16, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R41634 SUMMARY Limitations in Appropriations Measures: An Overview of Procedural Issues R41634 May 16, 2023 James V. Saturno Specialist on Congress and Both the House and Senate have internal rules encouraging the separation of money and ...
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| Date May 16, 2023 |
Report No. R47555 |
Title
Implementation of the Medicare Drug Price Negotiation Program: Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Guidance and Legal Considerations May 16, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47555 SUMMARY Implementation of the Medicare Drug Price Negotiation Program: Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Guidance and Legal Considerations R47555 May 16, 2023 Hannah-Alise Rogers ...
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| Date May 16, 2023 |
Report No. R46497 |
Title
Authorizations and the Appropriations Process Updated May 16, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46497 SUMMARY Authorizations and the Appropriations Process The U.S. Constitution grants Congress the power of the purse by prohibiting expenditures but in Consequence of Appropriations made by Law. As a result, legislation to provide for government expenditures must ...
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| Date May 16, 2023 |
Report No. R47556 |
Title
U.S. Border Patrol Encounters at the Southwest Border: Fact Sheet May 16, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47556 U.S. Border Patrol Encounters at the Southwest Border: Fact Sheet Introduction In FY2022, the U.S. Border Patrol (USBP) encountered more than 2.2 million foreign nationals (aliens)1 crossing into the United States illegally between ports of entry, the ...
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| Date May 15, 2023 |
Report No. R47504 |
Title
Asylum Process in Immigration Courts and Selected Trends Updated May 15, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47504 SUMMARY Asylum Process in Immigration Courts and Selected Trends Individuals who reside unlawfully in the United States, who arrive in the United States at a port of entry and are inadmissible, or who cross into the United States illegally between ...
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| Date May 15, 2023 |
Report No. LSB10963 |
Title
Legal Sidebari NLRB Reinstates Overwhelming Community of Interest Collective Bargaining Unit Standard May 15, 2023 The National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) establishes a right to engage in collective bargaining for most private sector employees. Since 2011, the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB or Board), which enforces and administers the NLRA, has prescribed alternating standards for ...
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| Date May 15, 2023 |
Report No. IF11381 |
Title
Updated May 15, 2023 Guyana: An Overview Located on the northern coast of South America between Suriname and Venezuela, English-speaking Guyana has characteristics similar to other Caribbean nations because of a common British colonial heritage (Guyana became independent in 1966). The country participates in Caribbean regional organizations, and its capital, Georgetown, serves as headquarters for ...
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| Date May 15, 2023 |
Report No. LSB10964 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (May 8 May 14, 2023) May 15, 2023 The federal courts issue hundreds of decisions every week in cases involving diverse legal disputes. This Sidebar series selects decisions from the past week that may be of particular interest to federal lawmakers, focusing on orders and decisions of the Supreme Court ...
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| Date May 15, 2023 |
Report No. LSB10961 |
Title
Legal Sidebari The Biden Administration s Final Rule on Arriving Aliens Seeking Asylum Updated May 15, 2023 In anticipation of increased migration at the U.S. Southwest border following the termination of a public health order issued in response to the COVID-19 pandemic (known as the Title 42 order), the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and Department of Justice (DOJ) issued a final rule that ...
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| Date May 15, 2023 |
Report No. IN12160 |
Title
INSIGHTi HSA@20 Episode Companion: Intelligence May 15, 2023 This Insight accompanies the Intelligence episode of The Homeland Security Act at 20 podcast series and includes background information on the issues discussed during the podcast. Click this link to ask questions, provide feedback, or offer suggestions for future topics. You can also e-mail the podcast team at HSA20@loc.gov. Thank you ...
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| Date May 12, 2023 |
Report No. R43973 |
Title
Memorial Day Speech Resources: Fact Sheet Updated May 12, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R43973 Memorial Day Speech Resources: Fact Sheet Introduction Memorial Day is a day of reflection and remembrance of those who died while serving in the U.S. military. Many Americans observe Memorial Day by visiting cemeteries or memorials and placing wreaths. They may also ...
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| Date May 12, 2023 |
Report No. R47552 |
Title
Medigap: Background and Statistics May 12, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47552 SUMMARY Medigap: Background and Statistics Medicare is a federal program that pays for covered health care services of qualified beneficiaries, which include most individuals aged 65 and older and certain younger individuals with permanent disabilities. Original Medicare (Parts A ...
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| Date May 11, 2023 |
Report No. R44849 |
Title
H-2A and H-2B Temporary Worker Visas: Policy and Related Issues Updated May 11, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44849 SUMMARY H-2A and H-2B Temporary Worker Visas: Policy and Related Issues Certain foreign workers, sometimes referred to as guest workers, may be admitted to the United States to perform temporary labor under two temporary worker visas: the H-2A ...
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| Date May 11, 2023 |
Report No. R41404 |
Title
Criminal Prohibitions on Leaks and Other Disclosures of Classified Defense Information Updated May 11, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R41404 SUMMARY Criminal Prohibitions on Leaks and Other Disclosures of Classified Defense Information High-profile leaks and disclosures of protected government information have prompted frequent congressional interest in the ...
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| Date May 11, 2023 |
Report No. IN12127 |
Title
INSIGHTi Unemployment Insurance Overpayment and Fraud Recovery and H.R. 1163 Updated May 11, 2023 The federal-state Unemployment Insurance (UI) system has faced long-standing program integrity challenges. The temporary, augmented, and expanded UI benefits created by Congress in response to the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated program integrity concerns related to overpayments and fraud. For an ...
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| Date May 11, 2023 |
Report No. IN12161 |
Title
INSIGHTi Pipeline Physical Security: Federal Efforts May 11, 2023 Securing the nation s energy pipelines from malicious attacks has long been a priority for Congress and federal agencies. The Transportation Security Administration s (TSA) 2020 Biennial National Strategy for Transportation Security identifies pipelines as vulnerable to cyberattacks and physically vulnerable to terrorist attacks ...
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| Date May 11, 2023 |
Report No. IF10481 |
Title
Updated May 11, 2023 Railroad Retirement Board: Retirement, Survivor, Disability, Unemployment, and Sickness Benefits Introduction The Railroad Retirement Board (RRB) administers retirement, survivor, disability, unemployment, and sickness benefits for railroad workers and their families under the provisions of the Railroad Retirement Act (RRA) and the Railroad Unemployment Insurance Act (RUIA). ...
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| Date May 10, 2023 |
Report No. R41242 |
Title
Social Security Retirement Earnings Test: How Earnings Affect Benefits Updated May 10, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R41242 Social Security Retirement Earnings Test: How Earnings Affect Benefits Summary Under the Social Security Retirement Earnings Test (RET), the monthly benefits of most Social Security beneficiaries who are below full retirement age (FRA) ...
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| Date May 10, 2023 |
Report No. IF12399 |
Title
May 10, 2023 Automation, Artificial Intelligence, and Machine Learning in Consumer Lending Financial firms may use algorithms pre-coded sets of instructions and calculations that are executed automatically to enhance consumer loan underwriting, the process of evaluating the likelihood that applicants will make timely loan repayments. Lenders may rely upon forms of automated analysis to help decide ...
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| Date May 10, 2023 |
Report No. R42463 |
Title
Selecting the World Bank President Updated May 10, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R42463 Selecting the World Bank President Summary Since its founding after World War II, the presidency of the World Bank has been held by a citizen of the United States, the Bank s largest shareholder. According to an informal agreement among World Bank member countries, a U.S. ...
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| Date May 10, 2023 |
Report No. R43217 |
Title
Remittances: Background and Issues for the 118th Congress Updated May 10, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R43217 SUMMARY Remittances: Background and Issues for the 118th Congress This report focuses on remittances, the transfers of money and capital sent by migrants and foreign immigrant communities to their home countries. At over $626 billion annually, ...
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| Date May 10, 2023 |
Report No. IF10522 |
Title
Updated May 10, 2023 Social Security s Funding Shortfall Overview Social Security provides monthly cash benefits to retired or disabled workers, their family members, and family members of deceased workers. Many people of all ages have some connection to the program, including an estimated 183 million covered workers and over 66 million beneficiaries in 2022. The program s income and outgo are ...
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| Date May 10, 2023 |
Report No. IF10564 |
Title
Updated May 10, 2023 Social Security Trust Fund Investment Practices Background Social Security is a self-financing program that provides monthly cash benefits to retired or disabled workers, and to the eligible family members of retired, disabled, or deceased workers. There are over 66 million beneficiaries in 2023. Workers gain benefit eligibility for themselves and their family members by ...
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| Date May 9, 2023 |
Report No. R47253 |
Title
Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies: Overview of FY2023 Appropriations Updated May 9, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47253 SUMMARY Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies: Overview of FY2023 Appropriations R47253 May 9, 2023 Carol Hardy Vincent The Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies appropriations bill often called the Interior Specialist ...
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| Date May 9, 2023 |
Report No. R47550 |
Title
Shipping on the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence Seaway: An Update May 9, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47550 Shipping on the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence Seaway: An Update Contents Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1 Traffic Trends ...
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| Date May 9, 2023 |
Report No. LSB10959 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (May 1, 2023 May 7, 2023) May 9, 2023 The federal courts issue hundreds of decisions every week in cases involving diverse legal disputes. This Sidebar series selects decisions from the past week that may be of particular interest to federal lawmakers, focusing on orders and decisions of the Supreme ...
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| Date May 9, 2023 |
Report No. R41510 |
Title
House Rule XXI, Clause 10: The CUTGO Rule Updated May 9, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R41510 House Rule XXI, Clause 10: The CUTGO Rule Summary House Rule XXI, clause 10, currently referred to as the CUTGO (or cut-as-you-go) rule, prohibits the consideration of legislation that is estimated to result in a net increase in mandatory spending over either of two ...
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| Date May 9, 2023 |
Report No. LSB10962 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Enlisting Assistance or Intruding On Judicial Independence? Compelling Testimony by Supreme Court Justices May 9, 2023 In conjunction with growing public and congressional interest in how the Supreme Court approaches ethical issues, the Senate Judiciary Committee recently invited Chief Justice John G. Roberts Jr. or another Justice of his designation to testify at a hearing ...
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| Date May 9, 2023 |
Report No. R47551 |
Title
Solar Geoengineering and Climate Change May 9, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47551 SUMMARY Solar Geoengineering and Climate Change Solar geoengineering (SG) refers to a set of methods aimed at cooling the Earth in order to counteract the warming effects of increases in greenhouse gases (GHGs). Interest in SG has developed due to concerns that current ...
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| Date May 9, 2023 |
Report No. LSB10960 |
Title
Legal Sidebar Appeals Court Holds That Apple s Walled Garden Does Not Violate Federal Antitrust Law May 9, 2023 On April 24, 2023, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit affirmed a district court decision holding that Apple does not violate federal antitrust law by restricting app distribution on iOS devices to its App Store or by requiring in-app purchases on iOS devices to use Apple s ...
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| Date May 9, 2023 |
Report No. RL30822 |
Title
Juvenile Delinquents and Federal Criminal Law: The Federal Juvenile Delinquency Act and Related Matters Updated May 9, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RL30822 Juvenile Delinquents and Federal Criminal Law Summary The Federal Juvenile Delinquency Act (JDA) gives federal authorities three options when a juvenile violates federal criminal law. First, they can refer ...
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| Date May 9, 2023 |
Report No. R47548 |
Title
Juvenile Delinquents and Federal Criminal Law: The Federal Juvenile Delinquency Act and Related Matters in Short May 9, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47548 SUMMARY Juvenile Delinquents and Federal Criminal Law: The Federal Juvenile Delinquency Act and Related Matters in Short R47548 May 9, 2023 Charles Doyle Senior Specialist in American Public Law The ...
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| Date May 8, 2023 |
Report No. R46646 |
Title
Election Administration: Federal Grant Funding for States and Localities Updated May 8, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46646 SUMMARY Election Administration: Federal Grant Funding for States and Localities States, territories, and localities have primary responsibility for administering elections in the United States, but Congress has tools it can use to ...
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| Date May 8, 2023 |
Report No. R46949 |
Title
The Help America Vote Act of 2002 (HAVA): Overview and Ongoing Role in Election Administration Policy Updated May 8, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46949 SUMMARY The Help America Vote Act of 2002 (HAVA): Overview and Ongoing Role in Election Administration Policy The Help America Vote Act of 2002 (HAVA) was enacted in response to issues with the administration ...
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| Date May 8, 2023 |
Report No. R43241 |
Title
Monuments and Memorials in the District of Columbia: Analysis and Options for Proposed Exemptions to the Commemorative Works Act Updated May 8, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R43241 Monuments and Memorials in the District of Columbia Summary During the course of each Congress, numerous proposals to create new commemorative works (i.e., monuments and memorials) ...
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| Date May 8, 2023 |
Report No. RL33931 |
Title
The Corporation for National and Community Service: Overview of Programs and Funding Updated May 8, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RL33931 The CNCS: Overview of Programs and Funding Summary The Corporation for National and Community Service (CNCS) is an independent federal agency that administers the programs authorized by two statutes: the National and ...
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| Date May 8, 2023 |
Report No. R41658 |
Title
Commemorative Works in the District of Columbia: Background and Practice Updated May 8, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R41658 SUMMARY Commemorative Works in the District of Columbia: Background and Practice R41658 May 8, 2023 Jacob R. Straus Specialist on the Congress In 1783, the Continental Congress authorized the first memorial in American history, an ...
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| Date May 8, 2023 |
Report No. IF11286 |
Title
Updated May 8, 2023 Election Security: Federal Funding for Securing Election Systems Foreign efforts to interfere in the 2016 elections highlighted the potential for threats to the technologies, facilities, and processes used to administer elections. The federal government has responded to such threats, in part, by proposing and providing funding that can be used to help secure election systems. ...
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| Date May 8, 2023 |
Report No. IF11961 |
Title
Updated May 8, 2023 Elections Grant Programs: Authorizations and Appropriations Congress first authorized major federal grant programs for elections in the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (HAVA; P.L. 107-252). HAVA was enacted in response to issues with the conduct of the 2000 elections. Like previous federal elections statutes, it set requirements for the administration of federal elections. Unlike ...
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| Date May 8, 2023 |
Report No. IF10448 |
Title
Updated May 8, 2023 Authorizing New Additions to Memorials in the District of Columbia: Issues for Consideration In recent Congresses, measures have been introduced to add new elements to existing memorials in the District of Columbia. Adding new elements to completed commemorative works requires an act of Congress under the Commemorative Works Act (CWA; 40 USC 89018909). It is our duty as Members ...
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| Date May 8, 2023 |
Report No. IF11962 |
Title
Updated May 8, 2023 Elections Grant Programs: Policy Options Recent congressional activity on elections issues has often taken the form of grant programs or funding. Congress responded to foreign efforts to interfere in the 2016 elections and the effects of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on administration of the 2020 elections, in part, with funding for a grant program ...
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| Date May 8, 2023 |
Report No. IN12157 |
Title
INSIGHTi Lenders of Next-to-Last and Last Resort: In Competition? May 8, 2023 A solvent bank may seek a cash advance from the lender of last resort, meaning a district Federal Reserve bank s discount window, when it needs immediate liquidity. However, there is a certain stigma associated with such borrowing, so banks often prefer to borrow from a lender of next-to-last resort, a district Federal ...
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| Date May 5, 2023 |
Report No. R47543 |
Title
Historic Properties and Federal Responsibilities: An Introduction to Section 106 Reviews May 5, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47543 SUMMARY Historic Properties and Federal Responsibilities: An Introduction to Section 106 Reviews R47543 May 5, 2023 Mark K. DeSantis Analyst in Natural Resources Policy The National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA; 54 U.S.C ...
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| Date May 5, 2023 |
Report No. LSB10956 |
Title
Legal Sidebar The DOJ s Ad Tech Antitrust Case Against Google: A Brief Overview Updated May 5, 2023 On January 24, 2023, the Department of Justice (DOJ) and several state attorneys general filed a civil antitrust suit against Google in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia. The complaint alleges that Google has monopolized several markets related to digital display ...
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| Date May 4, 2023 |
Report No. R44491 |
Title
Internships in Congressional Offices: Frequently Asked Questions Updated May 4, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44491 SUMMARY Internships in Congressional Offices: Frequently Asked Questions R44491 May 4, 2023 Sarah J. Eckman Analyst in American Many interns serve in various congressional offices, assisting individual Members, committees, National Government ...
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| Date May 4, 2023 |
Report No. IN12156 |
Title
INSIGHTi The Federal Role in Addressing the Adderall Drug Shortage May 4, 2023 Adderall is a combination medication (amphetamine/dextroamphetamine) used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The immediate release formulation of Adderall and its generic versions have been in a shortage for several months in the United States. The shortage was reportedly caused by a number of ...
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| Date May 4, 2023 |
Report No. IF10154 |
Title
Updated May 4, 2023 Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank In October 2013, at the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Summit in Bali, Indonesia, China proposed creating a new multilateral development bank, the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB). As its name suggests, the Bank s stated purpose is to provide financing for infrastructure needs throughout Asia. The AIIB has also been active in ...
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