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| Date June 12, 2023 |
Report No. R41981 |
Title
Congressional Primer on Responding to and Recovering from Major Disasters and Emergencies Updated June 12, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R41981 Congressional Primer on Responding to Major Disasters and Emergencies Summary In the United States, the principles of disaster management presume a leadership role by the state, local, territorial, and tribal (SLTT) ...
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| Date June 12, 2023 |
Report No. R41814 |
Title
Votes on Measures to Adjust the Statutory Debt Limit, 1978 to Present Updated June 12, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R41814 Votes on Measures to Adjust the Statutory Debt Limit, 1978 to Present Summary Almost all borrowing by the federal government is conducted by the Department of the Treasury, within the restrictions established by a single, statutory limit ...
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| Date June 12, 2023 |
Report No. R47592 |
Title
Federal Standards and Guidelines for Voting Systems: Overview and Potential Considerations for Congress June 12, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47592 SUMMARY Federal Standards and Guidelines for Voting Systems: Overview and Potential Considerations for Congress R47592 June 12, 2023 Karen L. Shanton Analyst in American National Government States and localities ...
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| Date June 12, 2023 |
Report No. IN12174 |
Title
INSIGHTi FY2024 Defense Budget Request: Strategic Missile Programs June 12, 2023 Introduction For Fiscal Year (FY) 2024, the Department of Defense (DOD) has requested $7.3 billion for the development and procurement of strategic missiles, here defined as nuclear-capable missiles with a range exceeding 1,500 nautical miles and counted under the New START Treaty. The request is for strategic missile ...
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| Date June 12, 2023 |
Report No. R45190 |
Title
From Slip Law to United States Code: A Guide to Federal Statutes for Congressional Offices Updated June 12, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45190 From Slip Law to U.S. Code: A Guide to Federal Statutes for Congressional Offices Summary This report provides an overview of federal statutes in their various forms, as well as basic guidance for Members and ...
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| Date June 9, 2023 |
Report No. R47591 |
Title
Central Asia: Implications of Russia s War in Ukraine June 9, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47591 SUMMARY Central Asia: Implications of Russia s War in Ukraine The five countries of Central Asia Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan share historical, economic, and military ties with Russia, but since they became independent ...
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| Date June 9, 2023 |
Report No. LSB10810 |
Title
Legal Sidebari The Mar-a-Lago Indictment: A Legal Introduction Updated June 9, 2023 On June 8, 2023, former President Trump stated on social media that he had been informed a federal grand jury had returned an indictment against him. The indictment, which was unsealed on June 9, 2023, includes a total of 38 counts related to government documents found at the former President s Mar-aLago property ...
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| Date June 9, 2023 |
Report No. IF10931 |
Title
Updated June 9, 2023 U.S.-EU Trade and Economic Relations The United States and the European Union (EU), each other s largest overall trade and investment partners, have a highly integrated economic relationship (see Figure 1). Their trade policies largely align on many fronts, but tensions emerge periodically on specific issues. Many observers agreed that bilateral trade relations were especially ...
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| Date June 9, 2023 |
Report No. IF12425 |
Title
June 9, 2023 Defense Primer: International Armaments Cooperation What is International Armaments Cooperation? International armaments cooperation (IAC) refers to an array of research, development, testing, and evaluation (RDT&E), procurement, and sustainment partnerships between the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) and foreign governments, militaries, or commercial entities. IAC encompasses a ...
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| Date June 9, 2023 |
Report No. IF12426 |
Title
June 9, 2023 Generative Artificial Intelligence: Overview, Issues, and Questions for Congress Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) refers to AI systems, in particular those using machine learning (ML) and trained on large volumes of data, that are able to generate new content. In contrast, other AI systems may have a primary goal of classifying data, such as facial recognition image data, or ...
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| Date June 8, 2023 |
Report No. IF10051 |
Title
Updated June 8, 2023 Title X Family Planning Program Introduction The Title X Family Planning Program (Title X) was enacted in 1970 as Title X of the Public Health Service Act (PHS Act, codified at 42 U.S.C. 300 to 300a-6). Title X provides grants to public and nonprofit agencies for family planning services, research, and training. The Office of Population Affairs (OPA) within the Department of ...
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| Date June 8, 2023 |
Report No. LSB10976 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Chevron Deference in the Courts of Appeals June 8, 2023 Chevron U.S.A. v. Natural Resources Defense Council is one of the most important cases in administrative law. Decided in 1984, it was the genesis of a legal framework for federal courts to apply when deciding whether to defer to a federal agency s interpretation of a statute. It has, however, become an increasingly ...
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| Date June 8, 2023 |
Report No. R44021 |
Title
Graduation: Fact Sheet Updated June 8, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44021 Graduation: Fact Sheet Contents Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1 History ...
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| Date June 7, 2023 |
Report No. R42738 |
Title
Instances of Use of United States Armed Forces Abroad, 1798-2023 Updated June 7, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R42738 SUMMARY Instances of Use of United States Armed Forces Abroad, 1798-2023 R42738 June 7, 2023 Barbara Salazar Torreon Senior Research Librarian This report lists hundreds of instances in which the United States has used its Armed Forces abroad ...
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| Date June 7, 2023 |
Report No. IF12424 |
Title
June 7, 2023 Immigration 101: Executive Branch Agencies Involved with Immigration While Congress has plenary power over immigration law, the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA), Homeland Security Act (HSA), and other laws grant substantial discretion over immigration policy to the executive branch. Executive branch departments and their components have distinct yet overlapping responsibilities ...
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| Date June 7, 2023 |
Report No. IN12151 |
Title
INSIGHTi Recent Mortgage Pricing Directive for Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac Updated June 7, 2023 Introduction The Federal Housing Financing Agency (FHFA) directed Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac to revisit the fees applied to guarantee mortgage default risk. As primary regulator and conservator of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, FHFA announced this directive as part of the strategic plan to improve the ...
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| Date June 7, 2023 |
Report No. IF12423 |
Title
June 7, 2023 Endangered Species Act (ESA) Section 7 Consultation Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act (ESA; 16 U.S.C. 1536) requires federal agencies to ensure that actions they undertake, authorize, or fund are not likely to jeopardize threatened or endangered species (i.e., listed species) or adversely modify designated critical habitat for listed species. To satisfy this mandate, Section 7 ...
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| Date June 7, 2023 |
Report No. IF12263 |
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Updated June 7, 2023 FEMA Assistance: Limited English Proficiency and Equity Individuals with Limited English Proficiency (LEP) often encounter disproportionate risk during hazards as well as barriers to federal relief. Statute requires the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA; the lead agency for domestic emergency management) to ensure that disaster relief reaches individuals with LEP. This ...
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| Date June 6, 2023 |
Report No. R41303 |
Title
The Secure Rural Schools and Community Self-Determination Act: Background and Issues Updated June 6, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R41303 SUMMARY The Secure Rural Schools and Community SelfDetermination Act: Background and Issues R41303 June 6, 2023 Katie Hoover Specialist in Natural Under federal law, state and local governments receive payments through ...
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| Date June 6, 2023 |
Report No. R47589 |
Title
U.S. Defense Infrastructure in the IndoPacific: Background and Issues for Congress June 6, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47589 SUMMARY U.S. Defense Infrastructure in the Indo-Pacific: Background and Issues for Congress R47589 June 6, 2023 Luke A. Nicastro Analyst in U.S. Defense The Indo-Pacific occupies a central role in U.S. national strategy and hosts a ...
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| Date June 6, 2023 |
Report No. R46313 |
Title
U.S. Forest Carbon Data: In Brief Updated June 6, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46313 Congressional Research Service U.S. Forest Carbon Data: In Brief Contents Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1 U.S. Forest Carbon ...
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| Date June 6, 2023 |
Report No. IF12422 |
Title
June 6, 2023 Congressional Review of Proposed Amendments to the U.S. Sentencing Guidelines The U.S. Sentencing Commission promulgates the U.S. Sentencing Guidelines, which serve as the starting point for every federal criminal sentence imposed across the country. The Commission is required by statute to revise the Guidelines periodically. Any such revisions must follow a statutorily prescribed ...
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| Date June 5, 2023 |
Report No. LSB10975 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (May 29 June 4, 2023) June 5, 2023 The federal courts issue hundreds of decisions every week in cases involving diverse legal disputes. This Sidebar series selects decisions from the past week that may be of particular interest to federal lawmakers, focusing on orders and decisions of the Supreme Court ...
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| Date June 5, 2023 |
Report No. IN12150 |
Title
INSIGHTi Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) and Work Requirements Updated June 5, 2023 The Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023 (H.R. 3746), signed by President Biden on June 3, 2023, alters the work requirements that apply under Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF). The TANF work requirement changes are part of budgetary and policy changes that accompany an increase in the ...
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| Date June 5, 2023 |
Report No. LSB10974 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Criminal Contempt of Congress: Frequently Asked Questions June 5, 2023 The House Committee on Oversight and Accountability (Committee) has been engaged in an oversight dispute with the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) over an agency document that reportedly contains information regarding an alleged criminal scheme involving then Vice President Biden. The Committee s original ...
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| Date June 5, 2023 |
Report No. R45283 |
Title
The Servicemembers Civil Relief Act (SCRA): Section-by-Section Summary Updated June 5, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45283 SUMMARY The Servicemembers Civil Relief Act (SCRA): Section-by-Section Summary Congress enacted the Servicemembers Civil Relief Act (SCRA) in 2003 in response to the increased deployment of Reserve and National Guard military and as a ...
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| Date June 2, 2023 |
Report No. IF10838 |
Title
Updated June 2, 2023 Funding the State Administration of Unemployment Compensation (UC) Benefits Background: A Joint Federal-State Program Underlying Rationale for Federal Funding of UC Administration The Unemployment Compensation (UC) program is constructed as a joint federal-state partnership providing temporary and partial wage replacement to involuntarily unemployed workers through mandatory ...
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| Date June 2, 2023 |
Report No. R47160 |
Title
Middle East and North Africa: Implications of the Russia-Ukraine War Updated June 2, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47160 SUMMARY Middle East and North Africa: Implications of the Russia-Ukraine War The 118th Congress is examining the global implications of Russia s ongoing war against Ukraine in terms of legislation, FY2024 authorization and appropriations ...
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| Date June 2, 2023 |
Report No. R47584 |
Title
Department of Homeland Security Appropriations: FY2023 Provisions June 2, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47584 SUMMARY Department of Homeland Security Appropriations: FY2023 Provisions Through appropriations legislation, Congress provides not only budget authority for federal agencies and departments to operate, but also legally binding direction on how that ...
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| Date June 2, 2023 |
Report No. IF12419 |
Title
June 2, 2023 The U.S. Census Bureau Overview Decennial Census Programs: oversees decennial The United States Census Bureau is a federal agency that provides statistical data about the nation s people and economy. Article I, Section 2, clause 3 of the U.S. Constitution mandates a decennial census count of the population. The first count was conducted in 1790. Decennial census data are used to ...
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| Date June 2, 2023 |
Report No. IN12169 |
Title
INSIGHTi Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Pipeline Development: Federal Initiatives June 2, 2023 Carbon dioxide (CO2) pipelines are essential components of carbon capture and storage (CCS) systems which are proposed to reduce atmospheric emissions of man-made CO2, a greenhouse gas. Approximately 5,000 miles of pipeline already carry CO2 in the United States, primarily linking natural CO2 sources to oil fields ...
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| Date June 2, 2023 |
Report No. IN12171 |
Title
INSIGHTi Foreign Assistance for International Conservation June 2, 2023 The United States provides foreign assistance to support the conservation of wildlife and ecosystems in the form of financial, programmatic, and technical support to address international conservation activities. International conservation activities include those relating to species protection, biodiversity, habitat ...
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| Date June 2, 2023 |
Report No. IF11246 |
Title
Updated June 2, 2023 Attorney s Fees and the Equal Access to Justice Act: Legal Framework In 1980, Congress enacted the Equal Access to Justice Act (the EAJA, or the Act) and significantly expanded the federal government s liability to pay the attorney s fees of parties that prevail against the government in litigation or administrative proceedings. This In Focus explains the state of the law ...
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| Date June 2, 2023 |
Report No. IF10252 |
Title
Updated June 2, 2023 The European Union and China Views within the 27-member European Union (EU) regarding the People s Republic of China (PRC, or China) have hardened and now mirror more closely U.S. and congressional concerns about China s global influence. In a 2019 position paper, the European Commission (the EU s executive body) described China as a cooperation partner with whom the EU has ...
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| Date June 2, 2023 |
Report No. IF12394 |
Title
Updated June 2, 2023 The Internal Revenue Service s Strategic Operating Plan to Spend $79 Billion in Inflation Reduction Act Funding The Inflation Reduction Act (IRA, P.L. 117-169) provided the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) with $78.9 billion in mandatory funding that is available for obligation through FY2031. Of this amount, the act specified that $45.6 billion (58%) would go to tax law ...
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| Date June 1, 2023 |
Report No. R47583 |
Title
Is That Climate Change? The Science of Extreme Event Attribution June 1, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47583 SUMMARY Is That Climate Change? The Science of Extreme Event Attribution Climate change attribution is the study of whether, or to what degree, human influence may have contributed to extreme climate or weather events. Scientists can now estimate ...
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| Date June 1, 2023 |
Report No. IF11436 |
Title
Updated June 1, 2023 U.S. International Development Finance Corporation (DFC) DFC is a U.S. government agency that uses financial tools to promote private investment in less-developed countries. It seeks to support partners economic development, U.S. economic interests, and U.S. foreign policy aims. Authorized by the Better Utilization of Investments Leading to Development Act of 2018 (BUILD Act, ...
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| Date June 1, 2023 |
Report No. IN12170 |
Title
INSIGHTi Economic Development Administration Announces Phase 1 of New Tech Hubs Program June 1, 2023 In reaction to concerns about widening socioeconomic and regional disparities, as well as the capacity of small, rural, and underserved communities to be competitive in the global economy, Congress expanded support for regional innovation policies. Through the CHIPS and Science Act (P.L. 117-167), ...
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| Date June 1, 2023 |
Report No. LSB10971 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Amgen v. Sanofi: Supreme Court Holds Patents Claiming Antibody Genus Invalid as Not Enabled June 1, 2023 In Amgen v. Sanofi, the Supreme Court held that Amgen s patent on a class of antibodies used to treat high cholesterol was invalid under patent law s enablement requirement. Justice Neil Gorsuch s unanimous opinion held that while Amgen could (and did) patent the specific ...
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| Date June 1, 2023 |
Report No. LSB10973 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Debating the Public Debt Clause June 1, 2023 As early as June 5, 2023, according to Secretary of the Treasury Janet Yellen, the federal government could face a binding statutory debt limit. If the debt limit were to bind, the Secretary would be unable to issue further debt beyond the $31.38 trillion that would then be outstanding, a figure that encompasses virtually all federal ...
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| Date June 1, 2023 |
Report No. IF10244 |
Title
Updated June 1, 2023 Wildfire Statistics Wildfires are unplanned fires, including lightning-caused fires, unauthorized human-caused fires, and escaped fires from prescribed burn projects. States are responsible for responding to wildfires that begin on nonfederal (state, local, and private) lands, except for lands protected by federal agencies under cooperative agreements. The federal government ...
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| Date May 31, 2023 |
Report No. R47582 |
Title
FY2024 Defense Budget Request: Context and Selected Issues for Congress May 31, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47582 SUMMARY FY2024 Defense Budget Request: Context and Selected Issues for Congress This report provides an overview of the $910.8 billion in total funding for national defenserelated activities requested in the FY2024 President s budget, with a ...
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| Date May 31, 2023 |
Report No. R41438 |
Title
North Korea: Legislative Basis for U.S. Economic Sanctions Updated May 31, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R41438 North Korea: Legislative Basis for U.S. Economic Sanctions Summary U.S. economic sanctions imposed on North Korea are instigated by that country s activities related to weapons proliferation, especially its tests since 2006 of nuclear weapons and ...
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| Date May 31, 2023 |
Report No. R45104 |
Title
Guide to Committee Activity Reports: Purpose, Rules, and Contents Updated May 31, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45104 SUMMARY Guide to Committee Activity Reports: Purpose, Rules, and Contents All House committees and most Senate committees are required to prepare reports each Congress detailing their activities. R45104 May 31, 2023 Ida A. Brudnick Specialist ...
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| Date May 31, 2023 |
Report No. IN12165 |
Title
INSIGHTi Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) Provisions in H.R. 3746, the Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023 May 31, 2023 On May 29, 2023, the Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023 (H.R. 3746) was introduced, reflecting the agreement reached between President Biden and Speaker of the House McCarthy in negotiations surrounding raising the debt limit. Below is a description of the ...
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| Date May 31, 2023 |
Report No. IF12418 |
Title
May 31, 2023 U.S. Farm Commodity Support: Base Acres and Payment Yields The Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (2018 farm bill; P.L. 115-334) reauthorized the Price Loss Coverage (PLC) and the Agriculture Risk Coverage (ARC) programs for crop years 2019-2023. These programs provide income support to producers of certain eligible commodities. The amount of support varies by commodity and from year ...
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| Date May 31, 2023 |
Report No. R44243 |
Title
Electing the Speaker of the House of Representatives: Frequently Asked Questions Updated May 31, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44243 Electing the Speaker of the House of Representatives: Frequently Asked Questions Summary This report briefly poses and answers several frequently asked questions in relation to the floor proceedings used to elect a Speaker of ...
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| Date May 30, 2023 |
Report No. R47241 |
Title
Workforce and Labor Policy: Resources for Congressional Offices Updated May 30, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47241 Workforce and Labor Policy: Resources for Congressional Offices Contents Purpose and Scope........................................................................................................................... 1 Introduction to Workforce and ...
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| Date May 30, 2023 |
Report No. R47320 |
Title
Financial Disclosure in the U.S. Government: Frequently Asked Questions Updated May 30, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47320 SUMMARY Financial Disclosure in the U.S. Government: Frequently Asked Questions Federal government officials and employees, when taking official action, are expected to put loyalty to the highest moral principles and to country above ...
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| Date May 30, 2023 |
Report No. IF11904 |
Title
Updated May 30, 2023 Financial Disclosure: Identifying and Remediating Conflicts of Interest in the Executive Branch When taking an official action (e.g., making decisions or recommendations), American public servants are expected to put the government s interests ahead of their own. The Ethics in Government Act of 1978 (5 U.S.C. 1310113111), as amended, is based upon this principle and requires ...
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