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| Date July 10, 2023 |
Report No. R46260 |
Title
The Payments in Lieu of Taxes (PILT) Program: An Overview Updated July 10, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46260 SUMMARY The Payments in Lieu of Taxes (PILT) Program: An Overview R46260 July 10, 2023 Carol Hardy Vincent Specialist in Natural The Department of the Interior s (DOI s) Payments in Lieu of Taxes (PILT; 31 U.S.C. 6901Resources Policy 6907) program ...
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| Date July 10, 2023 |
Report No. R47618 |
Title
Post-Wildfire Debris Flows: Federal Role in Assessment and Warning July 10, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47618 SUMMARY Post-Wildfire Debris Flows: Federal Role in Assessment and Warning A debris flow (also known as a mudflow or mudslide) is a type of landslide that involves a slurry of water, soil, rock, vegetation, or other debris moving down a slope. Often ...
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| Date July 10, 2023 |
Report No. IN12196 |
Title
INSIGHTi FY2024 NDAA: Basic Needs Allowance and Military Food Insecurity July 10, 2023 Background The military compensation system includes cash payments (e.g., basic pay, special and incentive pays) and allowances (e.g., housing and subsistence). The sum of cash benefits and the tax benefit accrued from certain non-taxable allowances is called regular military compensation (RMC, 37 U.S.C. 101(25 ...
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| Date July 10, 2023 |
Report No. IN12195 |
Title
INSIGHTi The U.S. Housing Underbuilding Gap July 10, 2023 Economists have noted widespread tight housing supply conditions in the United States currently, leading to high home prices and rents. The policy discussion surrounding low supply is often focused on the supply of units affordable to lower-income households given that higher-income households may have more choice even when prices and rents ...
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| Date July 10, 2023 |
Report No. IN12197 |
Title
INSIGHTi The Federal Statistical System: A Primer July 10, 2023 Overview The U.S. federal government has a decentralized system of over 100 agencies, organizational units, and programs that engage in statistical activities. These entities conduct activities, in varying degrees, relating to the collection, compilation, processing, analysis, and dissemination of data relevant to their missions. ...
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| Date July 10, 2023 |
Report No. R45191 |
Title
Covert Action and Clandestine Activities of the Intelligence Community: Selected Congressional Notification Requirements Updated July 10, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45191 Covert Action and Clandestine Activities of the Intelligence Community Summary Section 3091 of Title 50, U. S. Code requires the President of the United States to ensure that the ...
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| Date July 10, 2023 |
Report No. LSB11004 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (July 3, 2023 July 9, 2023) July 10, 2023 The federal courts issue hundreds of decisions every week in cases involving diverse legal disputes. This Sidebar series selects decisions from the past week that may be of particular interest to federal lawmakers, focusing on orders and decisions of the Supreme ...
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| Date July 10, 2023 |
Report No. LSB11003 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Supreme Court Rules That Statutory Criminalization of Encouraging or Inducing Illegal Immigration Is Not Facially Overbroad Under the First Amendment July 10, 2023 On June 23, 2023, the Supreme Court ruled in United States v. Hansen that the federal criminal offense of encouraging or inducing an alien to come to, enter, or reside in the United States unlawfully is not facially ...
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| Date July 10, 2023 |
Report No. IN12201 |
Title
INSIGHTi Economic Development Administration Announces New Recompete Program July 10, 2023 The federal government considers certain areas of the United States to be persistently economically distressed based on long-term rates of high poverty, elevated unemployment, or other socioeconomic measures. Congress has supported efforts to direct assistance to persistently distressed communities in ...
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| Date July 10, 2023 |
Report No. IN11997 |
Title
INSIGHT The Biden Administration s One-Time Student Loan Debt Relief Policy under the HEROES Act of 2003 Updated July 10, 2023 On August 24, 2022, invoking the HEROES Act of 2003, the Department of Education (ED) announced a one-time student loan debt relief policy (the policy) to address the financial harms of the [COVID-19] pandemic for low- and middle-income borrowers that would have made ...
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| Date July 7, 2023 |
Report No. R47617 |
Title
U.S. Housing Supply: Recent Trends and Policy Considerations July 7, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47617 SUMMARY U.S. Housing Supply: Recent Trends and Policy Considerations At the national level, several measures indicate that housing supply may be relatively low. Local housing market conditions can vary substantially, and national indicators do not ...
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| Date July 7, 2023 |
Report No. IN12194 |
Title
INSIGHTi Wildfire Smoke and Air Quality July 7, 2023 Air quality and associated health impacts have long been affected by a variety of factors. Some Members of Congress have expressed concern about health risks from wildfire smoke, which contains fine particles. This Insight provides background on air quality standards and trends, air quality data sources, federal air quality requirements related ...
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| Date July 7, 2023 |
Report No. IF12448 |
Title
July 7, 2023 Venezuela s Natural Gas: Questions Endure Venezuela, with its large and relatively untapped natural gas resources, has taken initial steps in developing and possibly exporting natural gas. The war in Ukraine has highlighted the important role of natural gas in the world s energy mix and the need for diverse sources to enhance global markets and improve supply security. In the medium ...
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| Date July 6, 2023 |
Report No. LSB11000 |
Title
Legal Sidebari 303 Creative v. Elenis: Supreme Court Recognizes Free Speech Exception to Nondiscrimination Law July 6, 2023 In 303 Creative LLC v. Elenis, issued on June 30, 2023, the Supreme Court ruled that the First Amendment s Free Speech Clause barred a state from enforcing its nondiscrimination law against a website designer who did not want to create websites for same-sex weddings. As a ...
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| Date July 5, 2023 |
Report No. LSB10998 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Polselli v. IRS: Supreme Court Clarifies Notice Requirements for a Third-Party IRS Summons July 5, 2023 In Polselli v. IRS, decided on May 18, 2023, the Supreme Court held that when the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) issues a third-party summons to aid the collection of a taxpayer s delinquent taxes, the IRS is not required to provide notice to the person whose records are the ...
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| Date July 5, 2023 |
Report No. LSB10997 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Supreme Court Invalidates Student Loan Cancellation Policy Under the HEROES Act July 5, 2023 On June 30, 2023, the Supreme Court decided two cases concerning the Department of Education s (ED s) plan to cancel up to $20,000 of outstanding federal student loan debt for certain borrowers. In Biden v. Nebraska, the Court held that the State of Missouri had standing to challenge the ...
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| Date July 5, 2023 |
Report No. LSB10999 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Groff v. DeJoy: Supreme Court Clarifies Employment Protections for Religious Workers July 5, 2023 When an employee s sincere religious observances or practices conflict with workplace requirements, Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Title VII) requires the employer to provide a reasonable accommodation unless doing so would impose an undue hardship on the conduct of the ...
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| Date July 5, 2023 |
Report No. LSB11001 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Reserved but Not Secured : Supreme Court Sinks Navajo Nation s Attempt to Compel Federal Action on Tribal Water Rights July 5, 2023 On June 22, 2023, the Supreme Court issued its decision in two consolidated cases (hereinafter Navajo Nation) involving the Navajo Nation s rights to water on the Navajo Reservation, which generally lie within the Colorado River basin. In Navajo Nation, ...
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| Date July 5, 2023 |
Report No. R42095 |
Title
Federal Capital Offenses: An Overview of Substantive and Procedural Law Updated July 5, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R42095 SUMMARY Federal Capital Offenses: An Overview of Substantive and Procedural Law Murder is a federal capital offense if committed in any of more than 50 jurisdictional settings. The Constitution defines the circumstances under which the ...
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| Date July 5, 2023 |
Report No. R42096 |
Title
Federal Capital Offenses: An Abridged Overview of Substantive and Procedural Law Updated July 5, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R42096 SUMMARY Federal Capital Offenses: An Abridged Overview of Substantive and Procedural Law Murder is a federal capital offense if committed in any of more than 50 jurisdictional settings. The Constitution defines the circumstances ...
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| Date July 3, 2023 |
Report No. R47010 |
Title
Missing and Murdered Indigenous People (MMIP): Overview of Recent Research, Legislation, and Selected Issues for Congress Updated July 3, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47010 SUMMARY Missing and Murdered Indigenous People (MMIP): Overview of Recent Research, Legislation, and Selected Issues for Congress R47010 July 3, 2023 Emily J. Hanson Analyst in Social ...
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| Date July 3, 2023 |
Report No. LSB10995 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (June 26 July 2, 2023), Part 1 July 3, 2023 The federal courts issue hundreds of decisions every week in cases involving diverse legal disputes. This Sidebar series selects decisions from the past week that may be of particular interest to federal lawmakers, focusing on orders and decisions of the ...
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| Date July 3, 2023 |
Report No. LSB10996 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (June 26, 2023 July 2, 2023), Part 2 July 3, 2023 The federal courts issue hundreds of decisions every week in cases involving diverse legal disputes. This Sidebar series selects decisions from the past week that may be of particular interest to federal lawmakers, focusing on orders and decisions of the ...
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| Date July 3, 2023 |
Report No. R46821 |
Title
Pregnancy and Labor: An Overview of Federal Laws Protecting Pregnant Workers Updated July 3, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46821 SUMMARY Pregnancy and Labor: An Overview of Federal Laws Protecting Pregnant Workers R46821 July 3, 2023 April J. Anderson Legislative Attorney Several different federal laws protect workers from discrimination based on pregnancy. ...
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| Date June 30, 2023 |
Report No. R45219 |
Title
Forest Service Assistance Programs Updated June 30, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45219 Forest Service Assistance Programs Summary Congress has established several forestry assistance programs within the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) to support the management of state and private forests. These programs are under the jurisdiction of the House and ...
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| Date June 30, 2023 |
Report No. IF12441 |
Title
June 30, 2023 Fixed Technologies Used to Deliver Broadband Service: A Primer and Considerations for Congress Broadband in general refers to technologies that are capable of delivering high-speed internet service. Internet service providers (ISPs) use various technologies to deploy broadband infrastructure, and each technology has different speed and other performance characteristics. ISPs choose a ...
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| Date June 30, 2023 |
Report No. R46543 |
Title
TikTok: Technology Overview and Issues Updated June 30, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46543 SUMMARY TikTok: Technology Overview and Issues TikTok is a globally popular video-sharing smartphone application (app) owned by ByteDance Ltd., a privately held company headquartered in Beijing, China. It is under increasing scrutiny by the U.S. government as a ...
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| Date June 30, 2023 |
Report No. IF11820 |
Title
Updated June 30, 2023 The 3.8% Net Investment Income Tax: Overview, Data, and Policy Options Since 2013, certain higher-income individuals have been subject to a 3.8% unearned income Medicare contribution tax, more commonly referred to as the net investment income tax (NIIT). The statutory authority for the tax is included in Internal Revenue Code Section 1411. The tax was included as a revenue- ...
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| Date June 30, 2023 |
Report No. IF12391 |
Title
Updated June 30, 2023 Equal Protection: Strict Scrutiny of Racial Classifications Under the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, [n]o State shall deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. The same equal protection obligation applies to the federal government through the Fifth Amendment. In general, the rule governs claims that the government is ...
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| Date June 30, 2023 |
Report No. LSB10893 |
Title
Legal Sidebari The Supreme Court Strikes Down Affirmative Action at Harvard and the University of North Carolina Updated June 30, 2023 On June 29, 2023, the U.S. Supreme Court issued a decision upending precedent permitting limited use of race in higher education admissions. In an opinion deciding a pair of cases, Students for Fair Admissions, Inc. v. President & Fellows of Harvard College and ...
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| Date June 30, 2023 |
Report No. IF11402 |
Title
Updated June 30, 2023 Status of Efforts to Restore Chesapeake Bay Water Quality For decades, Chesapeake Bay jurisdictions (Delaware, Maryland, New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia, and the District of Columbia), multiple federal and local agencies, and others have worked to improve water quality in the Bay. Nonetheless, poor water quality in the Bay and its tidal tributaries persisted, ...
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| Date June 29, 2023 |
Report No. R45846 |
Title
Major Votes on Free Trade Agreements and Trade Promotion Authority Updated June 29, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45846 SUMMARY Major Votes on Free Trade Agreements and Trade Promotion Authority R45846 June 29, 2023 Keigh E. Hammond Senior Research Librarian Congress plays a key role in shaping U.S. trade policy. While the President has authority to negotiate ...
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| Date June 29, 2023 |
Report No. R47613 |
Title
Title IX s Religious Exemption: Agency Practice and Judicial Application June 29, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47613 SUMMARY Title IX s Religious Exemption: Agency Practice and Judicial Application Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex in education programs that receive federal financial assistance. The law ...
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| Date June 29, 2023 |
Report No. R47616 |
Title
Department of Health and Human Services: FY2024 Budget Request June 29, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47616 SUMMARY Department of Health and Human Services: FY2024 Budget Request This report provides information about the FY2024 budget request for the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Historically, HHS has been one of the larger federal ...
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| Date June 29, 2023 |
Report No. IF12446 |
Title
June 29, 2023 Arts and Culture in Economic Development Policy Arts and culture account for a significant portion of U.S. economic activity. According to the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), which assesses the economic impact of arts and culture through its Arts and Cultural Production Satellite Account (ACPSA), arts and cultural economic activity accounted for 4.4% of U.S. gross domestic product ...
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| Date June 29, 2023 |
Report No. LSB10994 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Supreme Court Considers Meaning of An Offense Relating to Obstruction of Justice for Immigration Enforcement Purposes June 29, 2023 On June 22, 2023, in Pugin v. Garland (decided together with Garland v. Cordero-Garcia), the Supreme Court considered the meaning of the phrase an offense relating to obstruction of justice for immigration enforcement purposes. Under federal statute, an ...
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| Date June 28, 2023 |
Report No. R47608 |
Title
Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Reauthorization Issues for the 118th Congress June 28, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47608 SUMMARY Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Reauthorization Issues for the 118th Congress Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) reauthorization refers to a periodic process through which Congress develops legislation to renew ...
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| Date June 28, 2023 |
Report No. IF10555 |
Title
Updated June 28, 2023 Introduction to Veterans Health Care The federal government s role in providing health care to the nation s veterans can be traced back to World War I. The veterans health care system was first developed in 1919 with the enactment of P.L. 65-326, which authorized the Public Health Service to provide needed care to veterans injured or sick as a result of military service ...
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| Date June 28, 2023 |
Report No. IN12168 |
Title
INSIGHTi Discretionary Spending Caps in the Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023 Updated June 28, 2023 The Fiscal Responsibility Act (FRA, P.L. 118-5), enacted in June 2023, includes provisions that would establish enforceable discretionary spending limits (caps) for FY2024 and FY2025. This Insight provides information on those limits, exemptions to the limits, and discretionary spending levels in ...
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| Date June 28, 2023 |
Report No. IN12191 |
Title
INSIGHTi CDBG-DR Process Standardization: Recent HUD Actions and Selected Legislative Proposals June 28, 2023 Introduction Congress has periodically provided supplemental funding for long-term disaster recovery under the Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) program s statutory authority. This intermittently available Community Development Block Grant for Disaster Recovery (CDBG-DR) funding is ...
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| Date June 28, 2023 |
Report No. IF10325 |
Title
Updated June 28, 2023 Uganda Uganda is a major recipient of U.S. foreign aid. It has also been a top beneficiary of U.S. security assistance in Africa since the mid-2000s. U.S. officials have characterized the country as an important security partner in Sub-Saharan Africa. Uganda has played a leading role in stability and counterterrorism operations in the region, most notably in Somalia, and its ...
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| Date June 28, 2023 |
Report No. IN12186 |
Title
INSIGHTi Wagner Group Mutiny in Russia June 28, 2023 On Friday, June 23, 2023, Russia s Wagner Group and its leader Yevgeny Prigozhin launched the most serious threat yet to Russian President Vladimir Putin s rule. The mutiny followed worsening tensions between Prigozhin and the Ministry of Defense (MoD), specifically Russian Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu and Chief of the General Staff Valery ...
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| Date June 28, 2023 |
Report No. IN11638 |
Title
Increasing Numbers of Unaccompanied Children at the Southwest Border Updated June 28, 2023 Since early 2021, annual encounters involving unaccompanied alien children (UC, unaccompanied children) at the U.S.-Mexico border by the Department of Homeland Security s (DHS s) U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) have remained at record-high levels (Figure 1). Encounters include both Title 8 ( ...
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| Date June 27, 2023 |
Report No. IN12185 |
Title
INSIGHTi South Africa-Russia Ties: A U.S. Response? June 27, 2023 Since the start of Russia s war on Ukraine in 2022, indications of South Africa s support for Russia and, by implication, Russia s war aims, have increasingly roiled U.S.-South African relations. Prior to the war s outbreak, South Africa-Russia ties had garnered fairly limited U.S. attention and concern. South Africa s stance as of ...
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| Date June 26, 2023 |
Report No. IF12173 |
Title
Updated June 26, 2023 Firearms and Ammunition Excise Tax (FAET) The federal government first imposed excise taxes on firearms and ammunition over 100 years ago. Today, Section 4181 of the Internal Revenue Code imposes an excise tax at 10% of the manufacturer s price for pistols and revolvers and 11% of the manufacturer s price for other firearms (rifles and shotguns), cartridges, and shells. The ...
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| Date June 26, 2023 |
Report No. IN12184 |
Title
INSIGHTi Accommodation and Contempt of Congress: Two Oversight Case Studies June 26, 2023 During the first months of the 118th Congress, two House committees have conducted widely followed investigations that provide instructive case studies of how committees can negotiate and use congressional authority to conduct oversight of the executive branch and obtain documents in the face of agency ...
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| Date June 26, 2023 |
Report No. R47607 |
Title
Federal Grant Technical Assistance: Definition, Use, and Considerations for Congress June 26, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47607 SUMMARY Federal Grant Technical Assistance: Definition, Use, and Considerations for Congress Congress often takes an interest in how quickly federal money is expended by grantees, how effectively funding is targeted to the needs ...
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| Date June 26, 2023 |
Report No. LSB10985 |
Title
Legal Sidebari The Eighteenth Amendment and National Prohibition, Part 1: Introduction June 26, 2023 This Legal Sidebar post is the first in a seven-part series that discusses the Eighteenth Amendment to the Constitution. Prior to its repeal, the Eighteenth Amendment prohibited the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors for beverage purposes within the United States. Section ...
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| Date June 26, 2023 |
Report No. LSB10992 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (June 19 June 25, 2023), Part 2 June 26, 2023 The federal courts issue hundreds of decisions every week in cases involving diverse legal disputes. This Sidebar series selects decisions from the past week that may be of particular interest to federal lawmakers, focusing on orders and decisions of the ...
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| Date June 26, 2023 |
Report No. LSB10984 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (June 19 June 25, 2023), Part 1 June 26, 2023 The federal courts issue hundreds of decisions every week in cases involving diverse legal disputes. This Sidebar series selects decisions from the past week that may be of particular interest to federal lawmakers, focusing on orders and decisions of the ...
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