Menu Search Account

LegiStorm

Get LegiStorm App Visit Product Demo Website
» Get LegiStorm App
» Get LegiStorm Pro Free Demo

Congressional Research Service Report Search

Full-text search of 65,643 reports from the Congressional Research Service
From To
Reset
New: Set up an email Lightning Alert! First you must .

Search Results: Sort by relevance

Date Report No. Title
Date April 17, 2024 Report No. RS21534 Title

Oman: Politics, Security, and U.S. Policy

Oman: Politics, Security, and U.S. Policy Updated April 17, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RS21534 SUMMARY Oman: Politics, Security, and U.S. Policy RS21534 April 17, 2024 Since the British withdrawal from the Persian Gulf in the early 1970s, Oman has relied on the United States as a key defense partner, and successive U.S. presidential administrations have ...

Date April 16, 2024 Report No. R48034 Title

Illustrative Examples of Premium Tax Credit Variation Among Hypothetical Households

Illustrative Examples of Premium Tax Credit Variation Among Hypothetical Households April 16, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48034 SUMMARY Illustrative Examples of Premium Tax Credit Variation Among Hypothetical Households Individuals without access to subsidized health insurance coverage may be eligible for the premium tax credit (PTC), a federal subsidy that ...

Date April 16, 2024 Report No. R47828 Title

Israel and Hamas Conflict In Brief: Overview, U.S. Policy, and Options for Congress

Israel and Hamas Conflict In Brief: Overview, U.S. Policy, and Options for Congress Updated April 16, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47828 SUMMARY Israel and Hamas Conflict In Brief: Overview, U.S. Policy, and Options for Congress On October 7, 2023, the Palestinian Sunni Islamist group Hamas (a U.S.-designated foreign terrorist organization, or FTO) led ...

Date April 16, 2024 Report No. R48033 Title

Class VI Carbon Sequestration Wells: Permitting and State Program Primacy

Class VI Carbon Sequestration Wells: Permitting and State Program Primacy April 16, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48033 SUMMARY Class VI Carbon Sequestration Wells: Permitting and State Program Primacy R48033 April 16, 2024 Angela C. Jones Analyst in Environmental The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulates wells used for underground injection ...

Date April 16, 2024 Report No. IF12135 Title

The U.S. Army's Typhon Strategic Mid-Range Fires (SMRF) System

Updated April 16, 2024 The U.S. Army s Typhon Strategic Mid-Range Fires (SMRF) System What Is the Army s Strategic Mid-Range Fires (SMRF) System? Reported improvements to Russian and Chinese artillery systems present a challenge to the U.S. Army. Improved longer-ranged artillery systems, new employment techniques for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), and the proliferation of special munitions (such ...

Date April 16, 2024 Report No. IF10894 Title

Moldova: An Overview

Updated April 16, 2024 Moldova: An Overview Moldova is one of three post-Soviet states together with Ukraine and Georgia that seek greater integration with the West in the face of Russian resistance and territorial occupation. Members of Congress may assess U.S. efforts to support Moldova s democratic trajectory and European integration, as well as conflict resolution processes concerning Moldova ...

Date April 16, 2024 Report No. IF12499 Title

Bureau of Land Management: FY2024 Appropriations

Updated April 16, 2024 Bureau of Land Management: FY2024 Appropriations The Bureau of Land Management (BLM), in the Department of the Interior (DOI), manages 245 million acres of federal land, nearly all in the West. Under its multiple-use mission, BLM manages lands for diverse purposes, including livestock grazing, energy development, recreation, and conservation. The agency also administers ...

Date April 16, 2024 Report No. IF12634 Title

The Deliberative Process Privilege in Congress

April 16, 2024 The Deliberative Process Privilege in Congress The executive branch sometimes invokes the deliberative process privilege (DPP) in response to requests for information from Congress and the public, both in litigation and, with respect to the former, in the course of congressional investigations. The DPP is recognized primarily as a common-law privilege, although some courts have ...

Date April 15, 2024 Report No. R43366 Title

U.S. Naturalization Policy

U.S. Naturalization Policy Updated April 15, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R43366 SUMMARY U.S. Naturalization Policy Naturalization is the process that grants U.S. citizenship to lawful permanent residents (LPRs) who fulfill requirements established by Congress and enumerated in the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA). In general, U.S. immigration policy ...

Date April 15, 2024 Report No. RS20643 Title

Navy Ford (CVN-78) Class Aircraft Carrier Program: Background and Issues for Congress

Navy Ford (CVN-78) Class Aircraft Carrier Program: Background and Issues for Congress Updated April 15, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RS20643 Navy Ford (CVN-78) Class Aircraft Carrier Program: Background and Issues for Congress Summary The aircraft carriers CVN-78, CVN-79, CVN-80, CVN-81, and CVN-82 are the first five ships in the Navy s new Gerald R. Ford ( ...

Date April 15, 2024 Report No. IF12540 Title

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service: FY2024 Appropriations

Updated April 15, 2024 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service: FY2024 Appropriations Introduction The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS), an agency within the Department of the Interior (DOI), has a mission to conserve, protect, and enhance fish, wildlife, and plants and their habitats. Congress funds FWS through discretionary and mandatory appropriations. FWS discretionary appropriations typically are ...

Date April 15, 2024 Report No. R48027 Title

Legal Requirements for Section 501(c)(3) Hospitals

Legal Requirements for Section 501(c)(3) Hospitals April 15, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48027 SUMMARY Legal Requirements for Section 501(c)(3) Hospitals It is estimated that approximately half of private, community hospitals are non-profit organizations, which may be eligible for federal income tax exemption as charitable organizations under 501(c)(3) of ...

Date April 15, 2024 Report No. LSB11147 Title

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (April 8-April 14, 2024)

Legal Sidebari Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (April 8 April 14, 2024) April 15, 2024 The federal courts issue hundreds of decisions every week in cases involving diverse legal disputes. This Sidebar series selects decisions from the past week that may be of particular interest to federal lawmakers, focusing on orders and decisions of the Supreme ...

Date April 15, 2024 Report No. IF10211 Title

Foreign Leaders Addressing Congress

Updated April 15, 2024 Foreign Leaders Addressing Congress Foreign leaders are periodically invited to address Congress. The first address by a foreign dignitary occurred on December 10, 1824, when Revolutionary War hero the Marquis de Lafayette addressed the House. The most recent address took place on April 11, 2024, when His Excellency, Kishida Fumio, Prime Minister of Japan, addressed a joint ...

Date April 15, 2024 Report No. IF10506 Title

Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI)

Updated April 15, 2024 Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) Overview Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) is part of the Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program, commonly known as Social Security. OASDI is a federal social insurance program that provides monthly cash benefits to insured workers and their eligible family members in the event of the worker s ...

Date April 15, 2024 Report No. IN11782 Title

Voter Registration Agencies Under the National Voter Registration Act of 1993 (NVRA)

INSIGHTi Voter Registration Agencies Under the National Voter Registration Act of 1993 (NVRA) Updated April 15, 2024 A key purpose of the National Voter Registration Act of 1993 (NVRA) was to expand access to voter registration for federal elections, in part by providing registration opportunities at various government agencies that people commonly visit for services. NVRA s motor voter provisions ...

Date April 15, 2024 Report No. IF12197 Title

Firearms Dealers Engaged in the Business

Updated April 15, 2024 Firearms Dealers Engaged in the Business On June 25, 2022, President Joe Biden signed into law the Bipartisan Safer Communities Act (BSCA; P.L. 117-159). Section 12002 of P.L. 117-159 amends definitions related to firearms dealer licensure in the Gun Control Act of 1968 (GCA, 18 U.S.C. 921 et seq.). Under the GCA, the definition of engaged in the business undergirds ...

Date April 12, 2024 Report No. IF12235 Title

Abortion Funding Restrictions in Foreign Assistance Legislation

Updated April 12, 2024 Abortion Funding Restrictions in Foreign Assistance Legislation For over five decades, Congress has enacted abortionrelated funding restrictions in U.S. foreign assistance legislation. Many of the restrictions were adopted against the backdrop of the Supreme Court s 1973 Roe v. Wade ruling, which held that the Constitution protected a woman s decision to terminate her ...

Date April 12, 2024 Report No. R43826 Title

An Overview of Accreditation of Higher Education in the United States

An Overview of Accreditation of Higher Education in the United States Updated April 12, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R43826 SUMMARY An Overview of Accreditation of Higher Education in the United States The federal government provides varying types of support to postsecondary students and schools, including student financial assistance (e.g., Pell Grants and ...

Date April 12, 2024 Report No. RL33377 Title

Tax-Exempt Organizations Under Internal Revenue Code Section 501(c): Political Activity Restrictions

Tax-Exempt Organizations Under Internal Revenue Code Section 501(c): Political Activity Restrictions Updated April 12, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RL33377 SUMMARY Tax-Exempt Organizations Under Internal Revenue Code Section 501(c): Political Activity Restrictions RL33377 April 12, 2024 Justin C. Chung Legislative Attorney The ability of tax-exempt ...

Date April 12, 2024 Report No. IF10349 Title

Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs Funding for FY2024

Updated April 12, 2024 Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs Funding for FY2024 Members of Congress are frequently lobbied to add funding to annual defense appropriation legislation for certain medical research programs on a wide variety of diseases and topics. In addressing annual appropriations bills, many Members frequently seek information on enacted levels for such funding under ...

Date April 12, 2024 Report No. IF12632 Title

Social Security Overpayments: Debt Recovery

April 12, 2024 Social Security Overpayments: Debt Recovery Introduction The Old-Age, Survivors and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program, commonly known as Social Security, is authorized under Title II of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). Social Security is a work-based social insurance program that provides monthly cash benefits to retired or disabled workers and their family ...

Date April 12, 2024 Report No. IN11883 Title

Russian Military Actions at Ukraine's Nuclear Power Plants

INSIGHTi Russian Military Actions at Ukraine s Nuclear Power Plants Updated April 12, 2024 Russia s military occupation of Ukraine s six-reactor Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant (ZNPP) the largest in Europe has raised widespread alarm about potential damage to the plant that could cause large radioactive releases to the environment. Russian forces captured the plant on March 4, 2022, with reported ...

Date April 11, 2024 Report No. R48025 Title

CIRCIA: Notice of Proposed Rule Making: In Brief

CIRCIA: Notice of Proposed Rule Making: In Brief April 11, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48025 SUMMARY CIRCIA: Notice of Proposed Rule Making: In Brief The federal government is planning to require certain businesses to report when they are victims of cyberattacks. R48025 April 11, 2024 Chris Jaikaran Specialist in Cybersecurity Policy In March 2024, the ...

Date April 11, 2024 Report No. R48024 Title

Legal Definitions: A Research Guide for Congressional Staff

Legal Definitions: A Research Guide for Congressional Staff April 11, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48024 SUMMARY Legal Definitions: A Research Guide for Congressional Staff This report is designed to introduce congressional staff to examples of legal and nonlegal sources, including statutes, legislation, and dictionaries, for researching legal definitions. ...

Date April 11, 2024 Report No. IF11451 Title

Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA): An Overview

Updated April 11, 2024 Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA): An Overview Introduction Congress enacted the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) in 1978. FISA provides a statutory framework for government agencies to obtain authorization to gather foreign intelligence by means of (1) electronic surveillance, (2) physical searches, (3) pen registers and trap and trace (PR/TT) devices ...

Date April 11, 2024 Report No. IF12633 Title

Unemployment Compensation, Labor Disputes, and Strikes

April 11, 2024 Unemployment Compensation, Labor Disputes, and Strikes Introduction Labor disputes among workers and employers may involve temporary work stoppages. Strikes occur when workers initiate the work stoppage. Lockouts happen when employers refuse to allow employees to work. For 2023, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) reported that a total of 33 major work stoppages involving 1, ...

Date April 11, 2024 Report No. R46674 Title

Lunar New Year: Fact Sheet

Lunar New Year: Fact Sheet Updated April 11, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46674 Lunar New Year: Fact Sheet Introduction The Lunar New Year is a holiday celebrated in many parts of Asia and in Asian communities around the world. It marks the beginning of the year using the traditional Chinese lunisolar calendar. Typically, Lunar New Year is observed in late ...

Date April 10, 2024 Report No. TE10097 Title

Examining the State of Air Quality Monitoring Technology

Statement of Omar M. Hammad Analyst in Environmental Policy Before Committee on Environment and Public Works U.S. Senate Hearing on Examining the State of Air Quality Monitoring Technology April 10, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov TE10097 Congressional Research Service 1 C hairman Carper, Ranking Member Capito, and Members of the Committee, good morning. My name ...

Date April 10, 2024 Report No. R47585 Title

An Overview of Small Business Subcontracting: In Brief

An Overview of Small Business Subcontracting: In Brief Updated April 10, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47585 SUMMARY An Overview of Small Business Subcontracting: In Brief For small businesses, participating in federal contracts as subcontractors can offer an important pathway to government contracting work and is one of the ways that the federal government ...

Date April 10, 2024 Report No. IF10164 Title

Senegal

Updated April 10, 2024 Senegal The March 2024 election of President Bassirou Diomaye Faye, an opposition activist who has never held elected office, curtailed a constitutional crisis in Senegal while signaling potentially major shifts in economic policy and foreign relations. President Diomaye Faye, sworn in April 2, is a self-described leftist pan-Africanist and, at age 44, one of Africa s ...

Date April 10, 2024 Report No. IF12464 Title

Niger

Updated April 10, 2024 Niger A military junta led by General Abdourahamane Tchiani, a former Presidential Guard commander, seized power in July 2023, part of a wave of coups in Africa. In March 2024, the junta rescinded Niger s status of forces agreement (SOFA) with the United States, which underpins one of the largest U.S. troop presences in Africa, at 648 soldiers as of late 2023 (down from over ...

Date April 10, 2024 Report No. IF10482 Title

Supplemental Security Income (SSI)

Updated April 10, 2024 Supplemental Security Income (SSI) Overview Supplemental Security Income (SSI) is a federal assistance program that provides monthly cash payments to older adults and individuals with qualifying disabilities who have income and resources (i.e., assets) within prescribed limits. The program is administered by the Social Security Administration (SSA) and intended to provide ...

Date April 9, 2024 Report No. RS22131 Title

What Is the Farm Bill?

What Is the Farm Bill? Updated April 9, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RS22131 SUMMARY RS22131 What Is the Farm Bill? April 9, 2024 The farm bill is an omnibus, multiyear law that governs an array of agricultural and food programs. Titles in the most recent farm bill encompassed farm commodity revenue supports, agricultural conservation, trade and foreign food ...

Date April 9, 2024 Report No. R48022 Title

Management of the Colorado River: Water Allocations, Drought, and the Federal Role

Management of the Colorado River: Water Allocations, Drought, and the Federal Role Updated April 9, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48022 SUMMARY Management of the Colorado River: Water Allocations, Drought, and the Federal Role The Colorado River Basin covers more than 246,000 square miles in seven U.S. states (Wyoming, Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, Arizona, ...

Date April 9, 2024 Report No. R46740 Title

Naming VA Facilities

Naming VA Facilities Updated April 9, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46740 Naming VA Facilities Contents Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1 Authority for Naming Facilities ...

Date April 9, 2024 Report No. R44879 Title

Juvenile Justice Funding Trends

Juvenile Justice Funding Trends Updated April 9, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44879 SUMMARY Juvenile Justice Funding Trends Although juvenile justice is generally the purview of the states, the federal government has played a role through the administration of grant programs. Congress has influenced states juvenile justice systems by authorizing and funding ...

Date April 9, 2024 Report No. IF11916 Title

Credit Rating Agencies: Background and Regulatory Issues

Updated April 9, 2024 Credit Rating Agencies: Background and Regulatory Issues Credit rating agencies (CRAs) provide investors with evaluations of the creditworthiness of debt (i.e., how likely a debt is to be repaid in full) issued by a wide spectrum of entities, including corporations, sovereign nations, and municipalities. Their ratings are typically a letter hierarchical format (e.g., AAA as ...

Date April 9, 2024 Report No. IF10354 Title

United Nations Issues: U.S. Funding to the U.N. System

Updated April 9, 2024 United Nations Issues: U.S. Funding to the U.N. System The United States is the single largest financial contributor to the United Nations (U.N.) system. Congress has long debated the appropriate level of U.S. funding to U.N. system activities and whether U.S. contributions are used efficiently and effectively. U.S. policymakers perspectives on U.N. funding have varied over ...

Date April 9, 2024 Report No. IF10597 Title

United Nations Issues: U.S. Funding of U.N. Peacekeeping

Updated April 9, 2024 United Nations Issues: U.S. Funding of U.N. Peacekeeping The United States is the single largest financial contributor to United Nations (U.N.) peacekeeping activities. Congress authorizes and appropriates U.S. contributions, and it has an ongoing interest in ensuring such funding is used as efficiently and effectively as possible. The United States, as a permanent member of ...

Date April 9, 2024 Report No. IF12631 Title

Optional Practical Training (OPT) for Foreign Students in the United States

April 9, 2024 Optional Practical Training (OPT) for Foreign Students in the United States Optional Practical Training (OPT) is temporary employment established through regulation for foreign students and recent graduates in the United States in F-1 or M-1 nonimmigrant (i.e., temporary) status. In calendar year (CY) 2023, there were 1.49 million F-1 and M-1 students and recent graduates in the ...

Date April 9, 2024 Report No. LSB11146 Title

Lindke v. Freed and Government Officials' Use of Social Media

Legal Sidebari Lindke v. Freed and Government Officials Use of Social Media April 9, 2024 The First Amendment s Free Speech Clause limits the government s ability to exclude constituents from public forums, both offline and online. In March 2024, the Supreme Court issued a ruling in Lindke v. Freed opining on when a government official s decision to block citizens from their social media accounts ...

Date April 8, 2024 Report No. R47982 Title

Critical Mineral Resources: National Policy and Critical Minerals List

Critical Mineral Resources: National Policy and Critical Minerals List Updated April 8, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47982 SUMMARY Critical Mineral Resources: National Policy and Critical Minerals List According to a National Research Council report, a critical mineral is a nonfuel mineral that is essential for use and faces considerable supply chain ...

Date April 8, 2024 Report No. LSB11144 Title

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (April 1–April 7, 2024)

Legal Sidebari Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (April 1 April 7, 2024) April 8, 2024 The federal courts issue hundreds of decisions every week in cases involving diverse legal disputes. This Sidebar series selects decisions from the past week that may be of particular interest to federal lawmakers, focusing on orders and decisions of the Supreme ...

Date April 8, 2024 Report No. IF11953 Title

Evergrande Group and China's Debt Challenges

Updated April 8, 2024 Evergrande Group and China s Debt Challenges Since 2021, some Members of Congress have raised concerns about the People s Republic of China (PRC or China) s debt levels and the solvency of PRC property developers. The inability of Evergrande Group, China s second largest property developer, to repay its domestic and foreign debt highlights issues related to the structure and ...

Date April 8, 2024 Report No. IF12630 Title

The Possible Elimination of Chevron Deference: Potential Implications for Tax Revenue and Administration

April 8, 2024 The Possible Elimination of Chevron Deference: Potential Implications for Tax Revenue and Administration The Supreme Court has heard oral argument in the cases Loper Bright Enterprises v. Raimondo and Relentless v. Department of Commerce. The cases challenge the constitutionality of a judicial doctrine known as Chevron deference, which takes its name from the 1984 case Chevron U.S.A. ...

Date April 8, 2024 Report No. R48016 Title

The Patent Trial and Appeal Board and Inter Partes Review

The Patent Trial and Appeal Board and Inter Partes Review April 8, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48016 SUMMARY The Patent Trial and Appeal Board and Inter Partes Review The 2011 Leahy-Smith America Invents Act (AIA) is widely viewed as the most significant patent statute enacted by Congress in over 50 years. Although the AIA made many important changes to ...

Date April 8, 2024 Report No. IN12266 Title

Small Disadvantaged Businesses, Disadvantaged Business Enterprises, and Minority Business Enterprises: Definitions and Differences in Terms Used by Government Programs

INSIGHTi Small Disadvantaged Businesses, Disadvantaged Business Enterprises, and Minority Business Enterprises: Definitions and Differences in Terms Used by Government Programs Updated April 8, 2024 Government contracting programs that promote small business contracting opportunities support certain types of disadvantaged business owners, among other small business owners. Some policies are agency ...

Date April 8, 2024 Report No. IF12440 Title

Internal Revenue Service Appropriations, FY2024

Updated April 8, 2024 Internal Revenue Service Appropriations, FY2024 Overview of the IRS Budget FY2024 Budget Request The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) is responsible for (1) collecting most of the revenue to fund federal government agencies and programs and (2) enforcing taxpayer compliance with federal tax laws through activities like taxpayer assistance and audits. According to FY2022 data, ...

Date April 8, 2024 Report No. IF12628 Title

Regulation of Laboratory-Developed Tests: FDA's Proposed Rule

April 8, 2024 Regulation of Laboratory-Developed Tests: FDA s Proposed Rule The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) defines laboratory-developed tests (LDTs) as a class of in vitro diagnostic (IVD) device that is designed, manufactured, and used within a single clinical laboratory. LDTs are an important part of personalized medicine and are often modified iteratively, as they test for disease in ...